Stepwise shock wave lithotripsy was an effective procedure for the treatment of urinary calculi in childhood.

Tumor recurrence following transurethral resection is common in non-muscle invasive urothelial cancers of the bladder. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is frequently used in urology practice to prevent this recurrence and tumor progression. In this study, we present a case of Granulomatous Hepatitis that rarely develops during intravesical BCG application and that improved with anti-tuberculosis treatment. Abstract

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to compare retrospectively the efficacy of 500 mg ciprofloxacin with a combination of 400 mg cefixim and 125 mg clavulanic acid to prevent potential infections and complications after TRUS-PB. Method: We evaluated 276 patients who underwent prostate biopsy with the aim to diagnose prostate cancer between March 2014 and January 2016. First group of patients were given ciprofloxacin twice daily and the second group of patients a combination of 400 mg cefixim and 125 mg clavulanic acid once a day both for two days before the procedure and these drugs were continued 3 days after the procedure.In both groups urinalysis and urine culture were performed one day before and 10 days after procedure. Both groups were compared in terms of postoperative infections and complications. Results: Mean age of the patients was 62.5 years in Group 1,and 63.4 years in Group 2. Mean PSA level was 12.3 ng/dL, 11.4 ng/dL in group 2. Mean prostate volume was 45.3 cm 3 in Group 1, 48.5 cm 3 in Group 2. Urine culture positiitye was observed in 12 patients in Group 1 and in 10 patients of in Group 2. High fever with urine culture positivity was observed in 1 patient in Group 1 and in 2 patients in Group 2. There was no statistically difference between groups in terms of postoperative infections and complications. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin and combination of cefixime-clavulonic acid are effective regimens for the prevention of postoperative infectious complications after TRUS-PB. Increasing antibiotic resistance in recent years will etermine the choice.

ÖzetAmaç: Çocukluk çağı böbrek taşlarının tedavisinde retrograd intrarenal cerrahinin uygulanabilirliğinin gösterilmesi.Yöntemler: Kliniğimizde Aralık 2012-Şubat 2013 tarihleri arasında böbrek taşlarının tedavisi için retrograd intrarenal cerrahi uygulanan 14 hastanın bilgileri geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Tüm hastalarda işlem 7,5 Fr FlexX™ 2 fleksibl üreterorenoskop (Karl Storz GmbH & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany) cihazı kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Hiçbir hastada üreteral akses kılıf kullanılmadı. Üretere giriş yapılamayan hastalarda pasif dilatasyon için 2 hafta süre ile çift j kateter takılarak işlem ertelendi. Taşlar lazer ile fragmante edildi ve iki milimetreden küçük fragmanlar kendiliğinden düşmesi için yerinde bırakıldı. Tüm hastalara işlem sonrası çift j kateter takıldı ve takiplerde üriner sistem ultrasonografisi ve direkt grafi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Ortalama hasta yaşı 7,5±2,47 (3-12 arası) yıldı. Hastalardan altısı kızdı ve altı hastada taş sağ taraftaydı. En büyük taş çapına göre ortalama taş boyutu 12,3±3,49 mm'ydi (8-20 arası). On hasta daha önce SWL tedavisi görmüştü. Ortalama operasyon süresi 33,5±6,9 (25-45) dakika, ortalama skopi süresi 45,3±15,4 (30-75 arası) saniyeydi. Hastanede kalış süresi 1,07±0,2 (1-2 arası) gündü. Hastaların hiçbirinde işlem esnasında komplikasyon gelişmedi. İşlem sonrası tüm hastalara çift j kateter takıldı ve iki hafta sonunda alındı. Tüm hastalarda taşsızlık sağlandı. Abs tractAim: To demonstrate the feasibility of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in pediatric age group.Methods: Data of patients who underwent RIRS for the treatment of kidney stones were retrospectively analyzed. The procedure was performed using 7.5 Fr FlexX™ 2 flexible ureterorenoscope in all patients. Ureteral access sheath was not used in any patients. A double-j stent was inserted and the procedure was delayed for 2 weeks whenever access to the ureter was not possible. The stones were fragmented using laser and fragments smaller than 2 mm were left for spontaneous passage. Postoperative success was evaluated using ultrasonography and kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) x-ray.Results: 14 patients with a mean age of 7.5±2.47 (range: 3-12) years were included. Male to female ratio was 8/6 and six patients had a stone on the right side. The mean stone size was 12. 3±3.49 (range: 8-20) mm. Of the patients, 10 had a history of unsuccessful shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment. Mean operation and fluoroscopy screening times were 33.5±6.9 (range: 25-45) and 45.3±15.4 (range: 30-75) minutes, respectively. The median hospital stay was 1.07±0.2 (range: 1-2) days. No major complications were noticed during the operation. Double-J stents were removed on the 2 nd postoperative week and all patients were stone-free during the follow-up. Conclusion:RIRS can be performed safely and efficaciously in pediatric patients. (The Me di cal Bul le tin of Ha se ki 2015; 53:52-6)

Transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) is an uncommon congenital anomaly, reported mostly as pediatric case reports. Herewith we report a 43-year old man presenting with sertoli cell only, Transverse testicular ectopia and external auditory canal atresia.