Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower urinary tract, and particularly of the bladder, is a rare neoplasm and its histogenesis remains obscure. The authors report the clinical and pathologic findings of a 55-year-old male with clear cell carcinoma of the bladder. The histogenesis of the tumor is discussed, and 35 cases reported in the literature are reviewed.

Patients with erectile dysfunction, who admitted to 4 different urological centres in Turkey were evaluated in terms of aetiological factors to establish the aetiology of erectile dysfunction in our population and compare it with the data derived from Western communities. After the history, physical examination, psychological evaluation and laboratory testing, a clinical diagnosis was established as primarily psychogenic, organic, or mixed aetiology. Mean patient age was 43.5 years (range 17 to 69), and 9 of the patients were unmarried. Of the patients 53 had vascular risk factors, and 10 reported a history of alcohol abuse. Eleven patients were using drugs that might interfere with the disorder. In this multicentral study of 115 impotent men, an organic cause was found in 43%, psychogenic in 47%, and mixed in 19%. Mean age of the overall patients was 43.48. When the ages of the patients with organic erectile dysfunction and those with psychogenic erectile dysfunction were compared, it was clearly seen that those with organic erectile dysfunction were much older (52.73 versus 33.02).

Several technical procedures were described for estimation of epididymal sperm concentration until today. In all of the described techniques, epididymal material was drawn into a micro-pipette before counting procedure. We aimed to proceed this stage without using any pipette because of the difficulty in aspirating very viscous epididymal material into a micro-pipette. For measuring epididymal material we used a 2 microl reservoir which we named as a micro-spoon. It was filled with the epididymal material and layered in a tube with Ringer's solution of 2 ml containing sodium hyaluronate. Then, it was mixed in order to obtain 1/1000 diluted suspension. Sperm cells in this suspension were counted on a Makler chamber under a light microscope. The procedure was easy and time saving, compared to the other techniques.