The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) zone is 1500 km long, extending almost up to the Greek mainland in the west. It is a seismically active right‐lateral strike‐slip fault that accommodates the relative motion between the Turkish block and Black Sea plate. The Sea of Marmara lies along the western part of the NAF and shows evidence of subsidence. In this area pure strike‐slip motion of the fault zone changes into extensional strike‐slip movement that is responsible for the creation of the Sea of Marmara and the North Aegean basins. The northern half of the Sea of Marmara is interpreted as a large pull‐apart basin. This basin is subdivided into three smaller basins separated by strike‐slip fault segments of uplifted blocks NE‐SW. Basinal areas are covered by horizontally layered sedimentary sequences. Uplifted blocks have undergone compressional stress. All the blocks are subsiding and are undergoing vertical motions and rotations relative to one another. The uplifted blocks exhibit positive Bouguer gravity anomalies. According to gravity interpretation, there is relative crustal thinning under the Sea of Marmara. The northern side of the Sea of Marmara is marked by a distinctive deep‐rooted magnetic anomaly, which is dissected and shifted southward by strike‐slip faulting. The southern shelf areas of the Sea of Marmara are dominated by short‐wavelength magnetic anomalies of shallow origin.

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Metals, organic carbon contents were determined in surficial and core sediment samples from Lake Bafa, Western Anatolia in 2010. The ranges of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn and Hg contents of sediments from the Bafa Lake were 9.4-35 g kg(-1), 250-780, 2.3-20, 5.8-55, 1.2-480, 63-278, 26.6-79.9 and 0.013-0.273 mg kg(-1), respectively. The mean metal concentrations in surficial sediments obtained in this study decreased in the following order; Fe > Mn > Ni > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb > Hg for Bafa lake. Total organic carbon concentrations of the bottom sediments from the Bafa Lake varied between 0.35% and 3.58%. The mean concentrations of metal were lower than the background levels in earth crust except Cr and Ni in the core sediments. The metal levels were evaluated according to the New Geo-accumulation Index, enrichment and contamination factors. The results confirmed that the Bafa Lake is not facing serious environmental pollution risk due to metal contamination except Hg. The levels of Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn generally appear to be uniformly distributed with depth except Hg and Pb due to anthropogenic sources in the core sediments.

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2 ) de analiz edilmiş olup; dip suların kimyasal özelliklerinin deniz suyu/yüzey suyu ile benzer özellikte olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte Nisan 2017 yılında altı istasyonda su kolonu içerisindeki sıcaklık, tuzluluk, iletkenlik ve yoğunluğun değişimi CTD cihazı ile ölçülmüştür. CTD verilerine göre dip su sıcaklığı C1 (87m) -16,64°C, C2 (21,8m) -16,79°C, C3 (36,5m) -16,70°C, C4 (27,8m) -16,72°C, C5 (51m) -17,16°C ve C6 (51m) -16,51°C ölçülmüştür. İstasyonlardaki sıcaklık profillerini karşılaştırdığımızda; C1 istasyonunun daha derin olmasına rağmen dip su sıcaklığının yüksek olduğu ve bunu takiben C2, C3 ve C4 istasyonlarının da C5 ve C6'ya kıyasla daha yüksek sıcaklık değerlerine sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu durum, Doğanbey Burnu yakınlarındaki istasyonlarda dip suların deniz içi hidrotermal kaynakların etkisinde olduğu şeklinde yorumlanmıştır.