The purpose of this paper was to determine which of the isocyanate resins, PMDI or EMDI, was better for use in particleboard manufacture. It was found that particleboards bonded with EMDI exhibited superior mechanical properties to those bonded with PMDI. This was particularly noticeable when the resins were applied at a rate of 2%. At this low dosage EMDI satisfied EN 312 criteria for boards in interior fitments while 4% was needed to meet the requirements for load bearing panels in humid conditions. Isocyanatharze für die Herstellung von Spanplatten: Vergleich von PMDI und EMDIZweck dieser Arbeit war es, herauszufinden, welches der beiden Isocyanatharze, PMDI oder EMDI, besser geeignet ist für die Herstellung von Spanplatten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Spanplatten, die mit EMDI verleimt waren, bessere mechanische Eigenschaften aufwiesen. Besonders ergab sich dies bei einem Harzgehalt von 2%. Bei geringerer EMDI-Dosierung genügten die Platten den Anforderungen der EN 312 für Innenverwendung. Ein Einsatz von 4% war nötig, um den Anforderungen für belastete Platten in feuchter Ungebung zu entsprechen.

To date, the success of conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted biological therapies in cancer treatment is not satisfactory. The main reasons for such outcomes rely on low target selectivity, primarily in chemo-and radiotherapy, ineffectiveness to metastatic disease, drug resistance, and severe side effects. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors may offer better clinical promise, success is still limited. Since cancer is a complex systemic disease, the need for new therapeutic modalities that can target or block several steps of cancer cell characteristics, modulate or repolarize immune cells, and are less toxic to healthy tissues is essential. Of these promising therapeutic modalities are pleiotropic natural products in which scorpion venom (SV) is an excellent example. SV consists of complex bioactive peptides that are disulfide-rich of different peptides' length, potent, stable, and exerts various multi-pharmacological actions. SV peptides also contain ion channel inhibitors. These ion channels are dysregulated and overexpressed in cancer cells, and play essential roles in cancer development and invasion, as well as depolarizing immune cells. Furthermore, SV has been found to induce cancer cell apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cells proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In the current review, we are presenting data that show the pleiotropic effect of SV against different types of human cancer as well as revealing one potential anticancer agent, Rhopalurus princeps venom. Furthermore, we are addressing what is needed to be done to translate these potential cancer therapeutics to the clinic.

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the dimensional stability of oriented strand boards (OSB) produced from chemically modi®ed lignocellulosic strands. Fir (Picea abies) ring-cut strands were acetylated by reaction with acetic anhydride at 120°C for periods of 30 and 60 minutes. The results indicated a weight gain of 11.2% and 20.4% respectively. Treated and untreated strands were used to form laboratory boards, which were tested in accordance with EN standards. Boards made from these acetylated strands exhibited signi®cantly lower thickness swelling and water absorption when compared with the control. The internal bond strength (IBS) of test boards was signi®cantly lowere ()19%), but still within International standards, than the control boards, and failure was due to resin bond failure. This would suggest that lower resin dosing could partially offset acetylation costs in industrially produced boards. Finally, we observed that boards made with acetylated strands were less compressible than the control boards. Dimensionsstabilita Èt von OSB aus acetylierten Fichtenspa ÈnenZiel dieser Arbeit ist die Bestimmung der Dimensionsstabilita Èt von OSB aus chemisch modi®zierten Holzspa È-nen. Fichtenspa Ène aus einem Ringzerspaner wurden 30 bis 60 Minuten lang mit Eisessig bei 120°C acetyliert. Dabei wurde eine Gewichtszunahme von 11,2 bis 20,4% erzielt. Aus behandelten und unbehandelten Spa Ènen wurden Laborplatten hergestellt und nach EN-Normen gepru Èft. Platten aus behandelten Spa Ènen zeigten eine deutlich geringere Dickenquellung und Wasseradsorption als die Kontrollplatten. Die Querzugfestigkeit war signi®kant niedriger als die der Kontrollplatten ()19%), lag jedoch noch innerhalb internationaler Normen. Bru Èche waren durch Versagen der Kleberverbindungen verursacht. Das deutet daraufhin, daû die Acetylierungskosten bei der industriellen Produktion teilweise durch niedrigere Kleberanteile aufgefangen werden ko Ènnen. Weiter wurde beobachtet, daû die Platten aus acetylierten Spa Ènen weniger kompressibel waren. IntroductionOriented strand board (OSB) is a structural reconstituted panel that consists of wood strands glued with an exteriortype, waterproof resin. In the last decade OSB has gained signi®cant growth in the structural wood based panel market. Global OSB capacity reached about 18.4 million m 3 in 1997, with production at about 15.5 million m 3 (Wu 1999) of which 800,000 m 3 were produced in Europe (personal communication, European Federation of Associations of Particleboard Manufactures).According to the Engineered Wood Association, North American OSB output almost equaled plywood panel production in 1998. A historic milestone will be reached this year when OSB production and consumption in North America will surpass plywood for the ®rst time. With less than 3.0 million m 3 of plywood being produced in Europe, it is expected that OSB will soon surpass plywood as the dominant panel in the market. The primary reason, in addition to the cost and availability of logs, is that plywood manufacturing is a...

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