The use of composite materials in several sectors, such as aeronautics and automotive, has been gaining distinction in recent years. However, due to their high costs, as well as unique characteristics, consequences of their heterogeneity, they present challenging gaps to be studied. As a result, the finite element method has been used as a way to analyze composite materials subjected to the most distinctive situations. Therefore, this work aims to approach the modeling of composite materials, focusing on material properties, failure criteria, types of elements and main application sectors. From the modeling point of view, different levels of modeling—micro, meso and macro, are presented. Regarding properties, different mechanical characteristics, theories and constitutive relationships involved to model these materials are presented. The text also discusses the types of elements most commonly used to simulate composites, which are solids, peel, plate and cohesive, as well as the various failure criteria developed and used for the simulation of these materials. In addition, the present article lists the main industrial sectors in which composite material simulation is used, and their gains from it, including aeronautics, aerospace, automotive, naval, energy, civil, sports, manufacturing and even electronics.

Metalworking is an essential process for the manufacture of machinery and equipment components. The design of the die geometry is an essential aspect of metalworking, and directly affects the resultant product’s quality and cost. As a matter of fact, a comprehensive understanding of the die bearing geometry plays a vital role in the die design process. For the specific case of wire drawing, however, few efforts have been dedicated to the study of the geometry of the bearing zone. In this regard, the present paper involves an attempt to investigate the effects of different geometries of the die bearing. For different forms of reduction as well as bearing zones, measurements are carried out for the wire-drawing process. Subsequently, by extracting the friction coefficients from the electrolytic tough pitch copper wire in cold-drawn essays, the numerical simulations are also implemented. We present the results on both the superficial and center radial tensions obtained by finite element methods. It is observed that the reduction of the friction coefficient leads to an increase in radial stress, while for a given friction coefficient, the substitution of the C-type die by the R-type one results in a decrease in the superficial radial stress of up to 93.27%, but an increase at the center of the material. Moreover, the die angle is found to play a less significant role in the resultant center radial stress, but it significantly affects the superficial radial stress. Lastly, R-type dies result in smaller superficial radial stress, with a change of up to 34.48%, but a slightly larger center radial stress up to 6.55% for different die angles. The implications of the present findings are discussed.

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se apresentar uma aplicação do método dos elementos finitos para análise de tensão e fadiga em um eixo de transmissão mecânica. Eixos de transmissão são largamente usados em máquinas rotativas, e sujeitos a problemas de fadiga. O eixo de transmissão rotativo estudado é sustentado em mancais, carregado por uma força alternada de 6,8 kN, em que o eixo tem todos os raios de arredondamento de 0,003 m, uma superfície retificada, aço AISI 1050, com módulo de elasticidade de Young igual a 206,8 GPa e módulo de Poisson igual a 0,28. Apresentam-se as condições de ruptura por tensão e também por fadiga, observadas após tensão máxima em condições de trabalho, e o coeficiente de segurança na fadiga para um tempo de vida do eixo de transmissão de 350 mil ciclos. Os resultados numéricos foram comparados com os de fadiga obtidos empiricamente e apresentaram-se satisfatórios.

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