This study aims to review the occurrence of microplastics in some commercial aquatic organisms. Microplastics are small plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm. Effluent, stormwater, agricultural, and surface runoff introduce microplastic to freshwater basins. Hydrodynamics and hydrology encompass microplastics. River flow speed can cause turbulence and riverbed instability, increasing microplastic concentrations. Fish, shellfish, and crustaceans ingest microplastics in proportion to their quantity in freshwater and marine environments. Human activities cause variations in the form, color, and size of microplastics in the biota. Animals absorb microplastics through trophic transfer. Increased microplastic residence time before ingestion promotes trophic transmission. Lower food concentration and aggregation enhance microplastic retention in zooplankton guts, increasing transmission to higher-trophic-level species. Most studies show that microplastics in biota are discovered in fish and crustacean intestines and bivalve tissues. Microplastic buildup can disrupt live organisms' growth and reproduction, induce oxidative stress, obstruct the digestive system, and damage the intestine. Microplastics may harm people's health if they eat contaminated seafood that contains them, but more research is needed.

This research project aimed to provide an environmentally friendly method for the decolorization and biosorption of synthetic dye by utilizing fungi as biosorbents. The study was carried out by first growing the fungi in solid medium and then using the fungi as biosorbent to absorb dye in aqueous solution. In the first stage, screening experiments were carried out among 5 different types of fungi, and Pleurotus ostreatus was determined to have the highest growth rate. The Pleurotus ostreatus was recultivated with Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye to determine its dye removal ability. Pleurotus ostreatus sp. exhibited vigorous dye decolorization in agar medium within 2 days. By carrying out batch analysis, 4 parameters were examined, which were the effect of pH, surfactant concentration (Tween 80), salinity concentration and dosage of biosorbent. The results showed that the maximum dye decolourization by Pleurotus ostreatus can be achieved through establishing an acidic condition of pH 2, addition of 0.1mL of Tween 80, 0mg/l of sodium chloride concentration, and dosage of 8 plugs. Lastly, the experimental data was found to fit the Jovanovic Isotherm the most. In conclusion, Pleurotus ostreatus is capable of decolourizing and adsorbing dye particles in the dye aqueous solution.

The rapid expansion of the human population has raised the chemical stress on the environment due to the increased demand of agricultural yields. The use of pesticides is the primary contributor to environmental chemical stress, which is essential for agricultural expansion in order to produce enough food to sustain the burgeoning human population. Pesticide residues in soil have grown to be a subject of rising concern as a result of their high soil retention and potential harm to unintended species. Diverse remediation strategies, such as physical, chemical, and biological, for limiting and getting rid of such contaminants have been put forth to deal with this problem. Bioremediation is one of these techniques, which has been deemed the best for reducing pollution because of its low environmental impact, simplicity of operation and construction. Microorganisms are implemented in this technique to break down and get rid of toxins in the environment or to reduce the toxicity of chemical compounds. This study thoroughly analyses the different composting soil remediation methods, including landfarming, biopiles, and windrows, to reduce and eliminate soil pollution. Although biological treatment is the best option for cleaning up polluted soil, it is still important to evaluate and review the approaches over the long term to determine whether they are effective in the field. It is because the reactivity of the microorganisms is highly dependent on environmental parameters, and the contemporary environment is characterised by unpredictable weather patterns, localised droughts, and temperature fluctuations.

Construction industry plays an important role in social, economic and environmental developments. However, the unstainable development in the industry has led to environmental issues. Construction waste is one of the biggest problems in the construction industry. In Malaysia, construction waste constitutes a large portion of solid waste every year. Most of the construction waste ends up in landfill without proper treatment. The constriction waste can further lead to other environmental issues. In addition, construction activities have also led to environmental issues such as water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution in the country. Besides, utilization of conventional construction materials in the country also leads to unstainable development in the industry. Conventional concrete is the most used construction material and also the most generated construction waste in a construction project. The production of conventional concrete emits a huge amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) (due to the use of cement), which accounts for 8% to 10% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions every year. Thus, environmental management practices and utilization of green materials can be the keys to achieve sustainable development in the Malaysian construction industry.