Abstract. A universal hepatitis B vaccination program for infants was adopted in Indonesia in 1997. Before its implementation, the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals in the general population was approximately 5-10%. The study aimed to investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological status and molecular profile among children, 15 years after adoption of a universal infant vaccination program in Indonesia. According to the Local Health Office data in five areas, the percentages of children receiving three doses of hepatitis B vaccine are high (73.9-94.1%), whereas the birth dose coverage is less than 50%. Among 967 children in those areas, the seropositive rate of HBsAg in preschool-and school-aged children ranged from 2.1% to 4.2% and 0% to 5.9%, respectively. Of the 61 HBV DNA-positive samples, the predominant genotype/subtype was B/adw2. Subtype adw3 was identified in genotype C for the first time in this population. Six samples (11.5%) had an amino acid substitution within the a determinant of the S gene region, and one sample had T140I that was suggested as a vaccine-escape mutant type. The low birth dose coverage and the presence of a vaccine-escape mutant might contribute to the endemicity of HBV infection among children in Indonesia.

Worm disease does not cause death but can affect digestion, absorption and metabolism of food. Helminthiasis figure in Kupang City in particular were not recorded properly, but when viewed from its risk factor then it was endemic because of sanitary conditions, personal hygiene, behavior, and the provision of clean water is still low. This study aim to identify the presence of worm’s eggs in the pupils nail and the correlation with clean and healthy living behavior of pupils. This analytic observational study used cross sectional design. The samples were primary school students as many as 50 people that were taken by random sampling. Data collection was through interviews and laboratory tests on stool samples and analyzed by using chi-square. Results found as many as 13 pupils (26%) were infested by worm eggsof Ascaris lumbricoides at their nail. There were no relation between the presence of worm eggs at pupils nail with gender (p=0.303), age (p=0.747), grade (p=0.643) and playing habits (p=1.000), but there is an association between the presence of worm eggs at elementary pupils nails with the latrine use (p=0.049) and personal hygiene (p=0.039). So that PHC expected to cooperate with the department of education improve the promotion and provision of facilities to support a clean and healthy behaviors for elementary school students.

Worm disease does not cause death but can affect digestion, absorption and metabolism of food. Helminthiasis figure in Kupang City in particular were not recorded properly, but when viewed from its risk factor then it was endemic because of sanitary conditions, personal hygiene, behavior, and the provision of clean water is still low. This study aim to identify the presence of worm’s eggs in the pupils nail and the correlation with clean and healthy living behavior of pupils. This analytic observational study used cross sectional design. The samples were primary school students as many as 50 people that were taken by random sampling. Data collection was through interviews and laboratory tests on stool samples and analyzed by using chi-square. Results found as many as 13 pupils (26%) were infested by worm eggsof <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> at their nail. There were no relation between the presence of worm eggs at pupils nail with gender (p=0.303), age (p=0.747), grade (p=0.643) and playing habits (p=1.000), but there is an association between the presence of worm eggs at elementary pupils nails with the latrine use (p=0.049) and personal hygiene (p=0.039). So that PHC expected to cooperate with the department of education improve the promotion and provision of facilities to support a clean and healthy behaviors for elementary school students.