The objective of the article is to estimate the price elasticity of the demand for gasoline in Mexico’s Northern border based on applying monthly data of Mexican regions from 1997 to 2015. The results reveal that the demand for gasoline at the border is less inelastic than inland. A database is provided that includes more observations and regional economic variables compared to previous studies. It is concluded that beyond the economic effects of gasoline-related tourism, the competition faced by gas stations on the Northern border influences the price elasticity of demand. This confirms the importance of gasoline tourism in this region of Mexico, as has been recognized by federal and municipal authorities.

La construcción política y cultural de la frontera 2Las fronteras geográficas y políticas han ido cobrando una enorme relevancia en el mundo en las últimas décadas a medida que se ha intensificado la movilidad de la población migrante y refugiada. 3 Esto no es sorprendente ya que, desde una perspectiva histórica, a medida que han ido cayendo muros históricos como el de Berlín, han ido emergiendo discursos y prácticas que fortalecen nuevos muros y fronteras en el mundo. Por ejemplo, la socióloga Saskia Sassen advierte que las dinámicas globales de pobreza y desigualdad, desplazamientos masivos, desastres ambientales y conflictos armados se han intensificado, creando niveles nunca vistos de expulsión social que afectan no solo al Sur Global sino también a regiones del Norte Global, aunque a través de acontecimientos diferentes (Sassen, 2015).De esta forma, se ha pasado de los "muros de posguerra" a la creación y proliferación de barreras destinadas a limitar la inmigración clandestina, el tráfico de personas y mercancías legales e ilícitas, luchar contra el narcotráfico y/o evitar las infiltraciones terroristas. Más del 10 por ciento de las fronteras actuales surgieron a partir de 1990, y desde el año 2000 se han creado más de 40 muros en el mundo, específicamente en países como Sudáfrica,

COVID-19 confronts healthcare systems with an enormous demand for services. A large part of the affected population is vulnerable due to their age, comorbidities, and socioeconomic status. The objectives of this research are: 1) to estimate accessibility to public primary care units for older adults in Chimalhuacán through walking transfers, and 2) to identify the locations that increase, to a greater extent, the accessibility of this population to new primary care units. The proposed methodology combines two methods to achieve a more accessible, efficient, and equitable socio-spatial distribution of the healthcare system for older adults in a dense urban Mexican municipality. The results reveal inequalities in the accessibility of this group to healthcare units, and a local solution is proposed by increasing the service with six new facilities. The conclusions synthesize the main findings and limitations of the work, suggesting lines of research.

Poster discussion hub abstracts at rest and on PFMC. The size of a defect was defined by measuring sector angles. Results: Of 842 women, mean age was 54 (16-84) years. 89 % (751) were vaginally parous with median parity of 2 (1-8). The mean EAS defect angles at rest and on PFMC were 35.7 o (2.5-142.8) and 34.9 o (1.8-131.3) respectively. Significant EAS trauma was diagnosed in 143 (18%) at rest and 120 (14%) on PFMC. Figure 1 shows a comparison of defect angles at rest and on PFMC for positive slices 1-6. Contrary to expectations, the defect angle showed a reduction by 5-10 degrees on PFMC when comparing defect angle in women who had defects both at rest and on PFMC. Conclusions: Pelvic floor contraction does not enlarge EAS defect angles. On the contrary, defects seem smaller on PFMC. This may be explained by the large proportion of sphincter trauma that is partial, with a defect surrounded by undamaged or repaired muscle. The scar area is likely reduced by contraction of the surrounding intact sphincter muscle.

No abstract