Teenage pregnancy has become a public health problem, with high percentages worldwide, which is why it is important to intervene to generate public policies that will help to reduce teenage pregnancy. Objective: To determine the mortality rate and risk factors in adolescent pregnancy through a literature review. Methodology: A systematic review based on PRISMA was carried out in different databases such as: Web of Science, Scielo, Medline, Scopus, the key words were: Pregnancy, Adolescence, Women, Mortality, Risks and the languages searched were Spanish and English. Results: Twelve articles were analyzed, and it was found that the highest prevalence percentage was 56% in Nepal, followed by a prevalence of 26.50% in Israel. Equal prevalence of 18% were found in Ecuador, and prevalence of 17% and 17.70% in Brazil. However, the lowest prevalence identified was 5.80% also in Ecuador for 2015. The main causes of death in pregnant adolescents were hypertensive disorders (28%), puerperal infection (16%), hemorrhage (12%), thromboembolism (12%) and abortion (10%). Conclusion: Increase intervention programs that help adolescents to be clear about contraceptive methods and family planning to reduce teenage pregnancy.
Introducción: El embarazo adolescente se ha vuelto un problema de salud pública, a nivel mundial se evidencia que hay altos porcentajes por lo cual es importante que sea intervenido para generar políticas públicas que ayuden a tener una disminución del embarazo adolescente. Objetivo general: Determinar la tasa de mortalidad y factores de riesgo en el embarazo en adolescentes mediante una revisión bibliográfica. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en el PRISMA en diferentes bases de datos como: Web of Science, Scielo, Medline, Scopus, las palabreas claves fueron: Embarazo, Adolescencia, Mujer, Mortalidad, Riesgos y los idiomas que fueron buscados fueron español e inglés. Resultados: Se analizaron 12 artículos y se evidenció que el porcentaje más alto de prevalencia fue del 56% en Nepal, seguido de una prevalencia de 26,50% en Israel. Se determinaron prevalencias iguales del 18% en Ecuador, y prevalencias del 17% y 17.70% en Brasil. No obstante, la prevalencia más baja que se identificó fue del 5.80 % también en Ecuador para el año 2015. Las principales causas de muerte en las adolescentes embarazadas fueron los trastornos hipertensivos (28%), infección puerperal (16%), hemorragia (12%), tromboembolismo (12%) y aborto (10%). Conclusión: Incrementar programas de intervención que ayuden los adolescentes a tener claro cuáles son los métodos anticonceptivos y planificación familiar para disminuir el embarazo en adolescentes. Área de estudio: Salud
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