Background: To evaluate the impact of stone size, grade of hydronephrosis induced by the stone and skin to stone distance (SSD) on the shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) outcome in terms of SWL session and shock wave (SW) numbers in patients with ureteral stones.

This study revealed a metabolic tendency to hypercalciuria in calcium oxalate stone patients, predominantly in those with recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Urinary oxalate excretion was found to be higher in recurrent urolithiasis in comparison to the first episode of calcium oxalate urolithiasis and urinary citrate excretion lower in recurrent urolithiasis.

The procedure causes destruction in the testicular structure by causing bilateral intratubular germ cell necrosis, unilateral obstruction, increase in the tubular pressure and processes that are aggravated by some probable autoimmune reactions.