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Penggunaan katalis homogen dan heterogen pada proses hidrolisis pati umbi singkong karet menjadi glukosa The use of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in hydrolysis process of rubber cassava starch into glucose

The pulp of the cocoa fruit still has not economically viable yet. Its potency to be processed into fruit syrup is expected to increase its value added. Local sugar from palm and canes is still traditionally utilized to produce brown sugar. This study aimed to make fruit syrup by utilizing cocoa pulp and local sugar sources in West Sumatra with several variants (palm sugar, sugarcane, and market white sugar). The effects of sugar concentration on the quality of the syrup were also studied. Sensory evaluation by the hedonic method was performed and statistical analysis data were carried out using SPSS. Microbiological analysis and shelf-life testing also have been done. The results of this study showed that respondents preferred syrup with palm sugar to sugarcane because of its light brown color and distinctive sweetness. The microbiological test reported that the syrup could only be consumed for less than the 5th day in a sealed glass bottle if it was placed at room temperature. Meanwhile, the syrup placed in the refrigerator (5 0C) could keep until the 5th day

Wild taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Var. Antiquorum) contain 70-80% (wt%) of starch, thus serve as potential feedstock for glucose production, providing raw materials for bioethanol production. The tubers used in this study was collected from Padang city, Indonesia. The aim of this research was to find the optimum of bioethanol yield through variation of acid catalyst (HCl, H2SO4 and HClO4), acid concentration (0,00 N; 0,05 N; 0,10 N; 0,15 N; 0,20 N), enzyme (α-amylase, glucoamylase), enzyme volume (0.308 ml; 0.74 ml), hydrolysis time (1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours), and fermentation time (48 hours,72 hours, 96 hours, 122 hours, 144 hours).At varied acid catalyst usage, the highest glucose content (27.54%) was obtained by using HClO4 acid with a concentration of 0.10 N and the lowest glucose level of 16.64% was obtained from the usage of H2SO4 acid with a concentration of 0.10 N in the hydrolysis process with temperature of 120°C for 45 minutes. The highest bioethanol content as 19.10% was obtained at the time of fermentation of 96 hours with the usage of Sacharomyces cerevisiae enzyme.The highest glucose content of 20.35% was obtained by using glucoamylase enzyme of 0.308 ml.

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