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Abstract-This study measures the production efficiencies and total factor productivity changes of Hazelnut Agricultural Sales Cooperatives Unions (HASCUs) in Turkey over the period [2004][2005][2006][2007][2008]. Turkey produces %78.2 hazelnut production of world and gives service to 233,820 farmers in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. To measure production efficiencies of these units, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach and Malmquist Productivity Indexes are used. In the our efficiency analysis, the data of 50 HASCUs is considered but only the data of 37 cooperative units is found appropriate for the DEA. The findings of our study show that the average annual technical efficiency scores of HASCUs change between 0.841 and 0.938. It has also been observed that there are average annual %1.3 improvements in technical efficiency, 3% regress in technical change, and %1.7 decreases in the total factor productivity of the HASCUs over the period 2004-2008.

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The aim of this study is two-fold. Firstly, this study examines the size distribution of cities by using Zipf's law. The second objective of this study is to investigate the effects of determinants of urban growth in Turkey by using the data for the 1980-2007 time period. The main findings of the study show that there is some evidence that Zipf's law holds in Turkey. Moreover, according to the rank-minus-half rule, the results suggest stronger support for Zipf's law in size distribution of the cities. Furthermore, the regression results indicate that fertility rate, location of the city, migration, agglomeration in services and specialization in manufacturing industry have positive impact, whereas schooling rate has a negative effect on growth of the urban population regarding Turkey.