Penyakit kardiovaskuler yang terjadi di Indonesia berawal dari penyakit menular kemudian beralih menjadi tidak menular, salah satunya hipertensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui skrining fitokimia dan hasil uji KLT ekstrak dan fraksi-farksi daun avokad pada tikus jantan yang dibuat model hipertensi dengan induksi NaCl dan prednison.  Pengujian ini dilakukan selama 28 hari menggunakan alat Blood Presure Analizer Tail Caff dengan kelompok perlakuan kontrol normal, positif, negatif, ekstrak dosis 75mg/kgbb, 150mg/kgbb, 250mg/kgbb dan fraksi air, etil asetat, n-heksana masing-masing kelompok berisi 5 ekor tikus. Pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan pada T0 (belum diberi perlakuan), T1, T2, T3 (induksi NaCl dan Prednison), T4 (diberikan dosis ekstrak dan dosis fraksi). Hasil uji skrinning fitokimia positif flavonoid dan uji KLT dimana nilai Rf yang dihasilkan setelah percobaan KLT dengan metode penyinaran UV 254, ekstrak daun alpukat dengan menggunakan baku kuersetin yang dihasilkan Rf 0,75, fraksi air 0,82, n-heksana 0,93, etil asetat 0,82 dari hasil tersebut dapat dibuktikan terjadi penurunan aktivitas tekanan darah. Hasil persentasi penurunan ekstrak dan fraksi-fraksi daun alpukat menunjukkan dosis efektif ekstrak 250mg/kgbb yaitu 5,87/10,96% sig > 0,05 berbeda makna dengan kelompok negatif dan fraksi etil asetat 5.71/14.53%. sig > 0,05 berbeda makna dengan kelompok negatif.Kata kunci: Antihipertensi; daun avokad; diastolik; sistolik; tikus Anti-Hypertension Activity of Avocado (Persea americana Mill) Leaves Extracts and Fractions in Male Rats with Systolic and Diastolic ParametersABSTRACTOne of cardiovascular diseases that occur in Indonesia that start from infectious diseases and then turn into non-infectious diseases is hypertension. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical screening and TLC test results of avocado leaves extract and fractions in hypertension-modeled male rats through induction of NaCl and prednisone. This test was done in 28 days used Blood Pressure Analyzer Tail Caff with normal, positive, negative control treatment groups, extract doses of 75mg/kgbb, 150mg/kgbb, 250mg/kgbb and water, ethyl acetate, n-hexane fractions for each group. Each group contains 5 rats. Blood pressure measurement was done at T0 (untreated), T1, T2, T3 (induction of NaCl and Prednisone), T4 (given extract dose and fraction dose). The results of phytochemical screening test were positive for flavonoids and the TLC test, where the Rf value produced for avocado leaves extract after TLC test with UV 254 irradiation method, using quercetin standard produced was 0.75, water fraction was 0.82, n-hexane was 0.93, ethyl acetate was 0.82. These results then proved with decrease in blood pressure activity. The results of decreases in percentage of avocado leaves extract and fractions showed that the effective dose of extract 250mg/kgBW was 5.87/10,96% sig > 0.05, which was significantly different from negative group and ethyl acetate fraction was 5.71/14.53%. sig > 0.05 significantly different with negative group.Keywords: Antihypertensive; avocado leaves; diastolic; rat; systolic

<p class="Standard"><span>This study aimed to synthesize p-methoxy cinnamic acid through the Perkin reaction and to determine its activity as a photoprotective and antifungal agent against Candida albicans. The PMCA compound was synthesized by reacting p-methoxy benzaldehyde with acetic anhydride using a sodium acetate catalyst in a sonicator at 50oC for 60 minutes. The synthesized was a white precipitate with a % yield of 2.09% and a melting point of 172-175^oC. ATR-FTIR identified this compound with several functional groups, C=O, OH carboxylic acid, para-substituted benzene, and C=C. Analysis by GC-MS showed a single peak at a retention time of 11.710 minutes with m/z 178. Characterization of this compound by 1H-NMR spectrometry showed several chemical shifts showing the presence of OH groups of carboxylic acids, C=C groups, aromatic benzene groups, and methoxy. The results of this characterization indicated that the synthesis product was PMCA. The antioxidant activity of PMCA using the DPPH radical gave IC50 at a concentration of 352.6138 ppm. In vitro sunscreen activity against PMCA compounds provided high protection at a concentration of 30 ppm with SPF 32,505. The antifungal activity against Candida albicans showed inhibition zones of 0.257cm± 0.044, 1.397cm± 0.093, and 1.533cm± 0.111, respectively at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The PMCA compounds can be synthesized through the Perkin reaction assisted by ultrasonic waves and can potentially be photoprotective and antifungal agents.</span></p>

Earthworms can be used as an indicator of fertility or soil quality. Its ability to decompose organic waste is very high. On the other hand, the organic waste generated by various human activities is enormous and continuous, including vegetable and fruit waste. In particular, pineapple peel waste which is a tropical fruit in traditional markets continues to be abundant and often becomes an environmental problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of decomposition of pineapple peel waste by earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus, Hoff) based on different doses and water content. The research was conducted at the Biological Conservation Laboratory, University of Jember. Pineapple peel waste was taken from traditional markets in the city of Jember. Combination treatment between pineapple peel waste water content (dry and fresh) and addition of pineapple peel waste per week as much as 140 g / week and 280 g / week. The soil medium used was 1500 g and inoculated earthworms with biomass 20 (± 0.53) grams at the beginning of the treatment. The evaluation of decomposition rate was based on soil organic C content and was evaluated weekly for 5 weeks.The results showed that the dried pineapple peel waste obtained a faster decomposition rate than the wet condition (fresh). The highest average speed in the treatment of pineapple peel waste with drying and weekly additions of 140 g / week was 86.76% per week and the lowest was in the combination treatment of wet pineapple waste (fresh) and weekly addition of 28 g / week of 63.17% per week. The decomposition rate at the beginning of incubation or the highest first week was followed by a decrease in speed based on the time of incubation.

Pharmaceutical services are the main support in every health facility and are part of health services that aim to increase the rational, safe and efficient use of drugs in order to achieve an increase in the quality of human life. Efforts to improve pharmacy services in the main clinic need to be accompanied by an evaluation of the level of satisfaction. Consumer satisfaction is a response to every service received and is an important part because patient satisfaction cannot be separated from the quality of health services.            The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients based on gender, age, last education and occupation. Then to determine the level of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services.            The method used in this research is descriptive method with a quantitative approach. Data analysis uses percentages and a Likert scale. The population in this study were outpatients who received pharmacy services at the main clinical pharmacy installation "X" Semarang City.            The results of the characteristic study showed that 80% of the respondents were female. Based on the age of the respondents who visited the most were aged 26 - 35 years (33.1%), and the least were aged 56 - 65 years (7.4%). The majority of respondents have high school education (42.3%). Most of the respondents' occupational data in this study were other (60%), dominated by housewives. The frequency of visits (71.4%) of respondents visited more than 2 times and 28.6% of respondents visited 2 times. The average result of patient satisfaction based on five dimensions obtained a value of 3.04 with a satisfied statement. Keywords: Pharmaceutical services, ServQual, satisfaction, primary clinics