Underground object detections usually employ ground penetration radar (GPR). However, GPR produces data taken only from the earth’s surface. This paper proposes radio through the earth (TTE) propagation path or received signal profile for three-dimensional detection. The propagation model and the three-dimensional propagation line equation are employed. Collections of transmission paths are classified into two-part, blocked and unblocked signals. Both classified signals are compared for signal processing. The study reveals that a number of the transmission path is a function of vertical edge to probe n, the deep of edge l, and transmitter step s. It is suggested the blocked signal paths are used for signal processing analysis as the volume is usually smaller than the evaluated space.

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Ground monitoring can be used for observing ground structure changes or other specific objectives. Rather than using expensive ground penetration radar, the ground propagation characteristics may be able to describe the structure changes. Ground propagation can be evaluated by using a simple radio transmitter and receiver. This paper employs a vector network analyzer (VNA) to explore ground propagation characteristics. As the available VNA works from 500 MHz to 1 Ghz, the paper proposes how to select suitable frequency for ground monitoring. Tangential comparison between mathematical model and direct measurement is proposed. The result shows that the selected frequency exerts promising propagation characteristic even dough signal diffraction causes irregular signal strength at the receiver.