Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the antibacterial activity of the toothpaste from an extract of celery leaves on Streptococcusmutans.Methods: The toothpaste was formulated with various concentrations of celery leaves, F1 with concentration of extract (6.25%), F2 (12.5%), andF3 (25%). Each formula was tested the physical characteristics and antibacterial activity toward S. mutans. The antibacterial activity was determinedby the agar well diffusion method using brain heart infusion agar plates. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities were assessed by the presence orabsence of inhibition zones after the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h.Results: The results from this test illustrate that all toothpastes under study at various concentrations of celery leaves extract exhibited antibacterialactivity. Maximum inhibition zone in antibacterial activity test was shown by F2 (12.5%). Therefore, we can use these toothpastes as naturalantibacterial on prevention of dental caries caused S. mutans.Conclusion: The toothpaste from an extract of celery leaves showed significant antibacterial activity against S. mutans.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion or increased insulin resistance. The study was performed to investigate the blood glucose lowering effect of Musa acuminata Colla fruit peel (MACFP) ethanol extract in experimentally induced diabetic rats. 25 rats were divided into five groups, i.e negative control group (0.5% NaCMC), positive control group (glibenclamide), and treatment group of MACFP ethanol extract with dose 250, 375, and 500 mg/kg body weight (mg/kg BW). The blood sample was taken from the lateral vein of the tail, and then blood glucose level was observed on 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results provide information that MACFP ethanol extract with dose 250, 375, and 500 mg/kg BW have the same effect with a positive control (glibenclamide) in lowering blood glucose level on diabetic rats (p>0,05). MACFP ethanol extract with dose 500 mg/kg BW had the highest percentage of decrease in blood glucose level (42,62%), followed by doses 375 mg/kg BW (37,26%) and 250 mg/kg BW (24,12%).

ABSTRAK Insomnia merupakan gangguan yang menyebabkan penderita mengalami ketidakmampuan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan tidur. Pemilihan terapi insomnia di Desa Lembarawa, Brebes, secara empiris biasanya menggunakan biji orok-orok (Crotalaria juncea L.) sebagai sedatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa biji orok-orok memiliki potensi sebagai sedatif dengan dosis yang tepat. Biji orok-orok diekstrak menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak yang diperoleh selanjutnya difraksinasi dengan pelarut etil asetat dan metanol. Ekstrak dan fraksi yang diperoleh kemudian diujikan terhadap mencit. Mencit dibagi menjadi 12 kelompok, kelompok I kontrol positif (fenobarbital 60 mg/Kg BB) kelompok II kontrol negatif (NaCMC 1%), kelompok III-IV merupakan kelompok perlakuan ekstrak metanol dengan konsentrasi 50 dan 200 mg/Kg BB, kelompok V-VIII merupakan fraksi etil asetat dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut 7,5; 15; 22,5; dan 30 mg/Kg BB, kelompok IX-XII merupakan fraksi metanol dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut 25, 50, 75, dan 100 mg/Kg BB. Parameter yang digunakan adalah daya cengkeram mencit, reflek balik badan mencit, diameter pupil mata, serta daya jatuh menit. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat dan metanol memiliki efek sedatif. Efek sedatif paling baik ditunjukkan oleh fraksi metanol 100 mg/Kg BB yang mendukung terapi untuk insomnia. Kata kunci: biji orok-orok, Crotalaria juncea L., sedatif. ABSTRACT Insomnia is a disruption that can not supply the needs of sleeping. In Lembarawa, Brebes, insomnia was treated empirically using Crotalaria Juncea L. (orok-orok). The purpose of this study was to prove that the seeds of Crotalaria juncea L. had potential as a sedative. Orok-orok seeds methanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanolic fraction were observed as a sedative. Mice were divided into 12 groups: positive control group (phenobarbital 60 mg/Kg BW), negative control group (Na CMC 1%), methanolic extract of orok-orok seeds with doses of 50 and 100 mg/Kg BW, ethyl acetate fraction with doses of 7.5; 15; 22.5; and 30 mg/Kg BW, methanolic extract with doses of 25; 50; 75; and 100 mg/Kg BW. The sedative activity was investigated in mice including diameter mouse’s pupil, grip strange performances, return mice reflect, and rotarod performances. The results suggest that methanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanolic fraction of orok-orok seeds possess potent sedative activity. The highest activity was obtained by using 100 mg/Kg BW of methanolic fraction, which supported its therapeutic use for insomnia. Keywords: Crotalaria juncea L., Orok-orok seeds, a sedative.

A BSTRACT Introduction: Tinea pedis is a dermatophyte infection of human feet, especially between the fingers and soles of the feet. Tinea pedis is caused by a fungal infection of Trichophyton rubrum . Red onion is one of the spices that has been widely known by the community and used as a traditional medicine in the prevention of fungus. The objective of this research was to determine the antifungal activity of gel produced from an extract of red onion on T. rubrum . Materials and Methods: The gel was formulated with various concentration of red onion, FI with a concentration of extract (5%), F2 (7.5%). and F3 (12.5%). Each formula tested the physical characteristics and antifungal activity toward T. rubrum . The antifungal activity was determined by the agar well-diffusion method using Saboround Dextrose Agar plates. Furthermore, the antifungal activities were assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones after the plates were incubated at 28 o C for 7 days. Results: F3 has the greatest inhibitory power than F1 and F2 ( P < 0.05). Then, F3 has the same inhibitory power as a positive control ( P > 0.05). Discussion: All gel understudy at various concentrations of red onion was formulated in gel-exhibited antifungal activity. Antifungal activity of red onion occurred because it contained allicin. Therefore, the researchers can use these gels as a natural antifungal in the healing of tinea pedis caused by T. rubrum . Conclusion: The gel from an extract of red onion showed significant antifungal activity against T. rubrum.

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