Background: In the developing world, pneumonia is not only more common than it is in Europe or North America; it is also more severe and considered the leading cause of under-five mortality. Effective management of pneumonia in children under 3-year-old-age is still challenging due to various causes. Some authors believed in non-calcemic role of vitamin D as a potential factor in the pathogenesis, prevention, or therapy of pneumonia in this specific age. Purpose: Investigate the Vitamin D status in pneumonia among children between 6 months to 3 years of age. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted in a Pediatric point of care at Al-Zahraa University Hospital on 90 children aged 6 months to 3 years old; divided into two groups: group I (study group) including 47 patients presented with pneumonia and group II (control group) including 43 apparently healthy children of matched age and sex with no evidence of pneumonia. Serum vitamin D was estimated with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The vitamin D level showed no significant difference between the two groups of the study. Conclusion: Possible role of vitamin D in disease process of pneumonia in children between 6 months to 3 years could not be assured.

Background: In children, wheezing is a common symptom that needs medical consultations, emergency care services, and hospitalization. The middle ear may behave in a "similar manner to the lungs under allergic inflammatory insults" and that the middle ear may be included in the united airways.Objective: To detect the association between the wheezy chest and the presence of otitis media (OM).Methodology: This study included 100 children with a wheezy chest, 54 male and 46 females; all cases were subjected to entire history taking, clinical examination, complete blood count (CBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) analysis, otoscopic examination, tympanometry, audiometry, additionally auditory brain stem response (ABR) in noncooperative children.Results: In the current study, 47 cases (47%) had bronchial asthma, and 53 cases (53%) had pneumonia. Among the studied cases, 43% had OM (61% suffering from bronchial asthma and 26.4% suffering from pneumonia). Among the 43 cases of OM, 39 cases (90.6%) were complicated by conductive hearing loss (CHL), while 4 cases (9.3%) were complicated by sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL). Anemia has a strong correlation with OM. Conclusion:there is an association between wheezy chest, whether caused by bronchial asthma or pneumonia, and OM development.

Background Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and iron deficiency are two common nutritional problems and cause a variety of health issues in children even if they are asymptomatic. The potential relationship between the two remains poorly understood. Propose To study the status of vitamin D in Egyptian young children and its correlation with iron deficiency. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study included 85 apparently healthy Egyptian children between 6 and 9 years old randomly selected from pediatric outpatient clinic of General Port Fouad Hospital, Port Said City, in the period from July to November 2019. A written informed consent was taken from all participants’ parents after proper explanation of the study. All children were subjected to complete history taking, anthropometric measurements, systemic examination, and laboratory investigations, including complete blood count, serum vitamin D level, serum iron, and ferritin level, which were performed for children expected to have iron deficiency through red blood cells indices in complete blood count. Results A total of 85 patients (age, 7.36±1.1 years; male to female ratio was 1 : 1) were classified according to their 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels into three groups: VDD 40% (<20 ng/ml), vitamin D insufficiency 40% (20–29 ng/ml), and vitamin D sufficiency 20% (≥30 ng/ml). Of 24 suspected iron-deficient cases, 80% of them were in the VDD+insufficient vitamin D groups compared with 20% in the sufficient group (P<0.001). Conclusion Among the apparently healthy young Egyptian children, VDD is common with increased risk of iron deficiency. There is a significant positive correlation between vitamin D level and age, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and serum iron levels but not with serum ferritin level. Physicians should therefore ensure that vitamin D levels are evaluated in anemic children and provide adequate supplementation to prevent deficiencies of both nutrients.