In this study, soil samples (0-5 cm depth) were taken from ten different roadside fields of intensive traffic regions of Van-Turkey in order to determine the effects of heavy metal pollution on enzymes and microbial activities of soils. Basal soil respiration (BSR), arylsulphatase (ASA), alkaline phosphatase (APA) and urease (UA) enzyme activities, and heavy metal contents (Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) of soils significantly changed with 5, 25 and 45 m from the roadside of soil sampling positions. BSR, ASA, APA and UA activities significantly increased while the heavy metal contents generally decreased from the sampling position of 5 m through 25 and 45 m. Significant positive correlations were found among BSR, ASA, APA and UA. Chromium, Mn and Pb contents gave the significant negative correlation with ASA, APA and UA.

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In order to investigate the bioremedial potential of humic deposit (leonardite), the effects of the treatments of leonardite and a commercial bioaugmentation agent on the degradation of a variety of petroleum hydrocarbons (C13-C31) and soil enzyme activities (urease acid-alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase) were tested within a soil incubation experiment lasting 120 days. Experimentally crude-oil-contaminated soil (2.5%) was regulated to a C:N:P ratio (100:15:1; Oilcon), amended with 5% of leonardite and regulated to the same C:N:P ratio (Oilcon-L) or mixed with a commercial bioaugmentation product (Oilcon-B), respectively. In the short period of incubation (60 days), Oilcon and Oilcon-B treatments showed higher hydrocarbon degradations, whereas Oilcon-L showed higher hydrocarbon degradation over Oilcon and Oilcon-B treatments in the long-term (120 days). Applying contaminated soil with leonardite increased urease (LSD, 4.978, *P<0.05) and dehydrogenase (LSD, 0.660, *P<0.05) activities. However, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities showed no certain inclination between different treatments. Dehydrogenase seemed to be more related to hydrocarbon degradation process. Overall results showed that leonardite enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and also stimulated soil ecological quality measured as soil enzyme activities.

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Bu çalışmada psikolojik danışmanlık, etik ve etik karar verme kavramları ile ilgili bir derleme çalışması yapılmıştır. Etik kavramı ve psikolojik danışmanlık mesleğinin etik kurallarını incelemek amacıyla Amerikan Psikolojik Danışmanlar Birliği (ACA, American Counseling Association), Amerikan Okul Danışmanları Birliği (ASCA, American School Counseling Association), Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği etik yaklaşım ve kodları ele alınmıştır. Etik ikilemler açıklanmış ve araştırmacıların gizlilik, ikili-çoklu ilişkiler ve yetkinlik üzerine çalışmalar yaptığına ulaşılarak bu kavramlar üzerinde durulmuştur. Araştırmacıların etik ikilemlerin çözümüne yönelik geliştirdiği etik karar verme modelleri incelenmiştir. Son olarak çalışma ile ilgili sonuç ve öneriler belirtilmiştir.