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The study was conducted to investigate the salinity and drought susceptibilities of barley and wheat varieties cultivated in Turkey by phenotypic assays and to evaluate the association of WRKY19 and WRKY52 transcription factors with salinity and drought stresses by gene expression assays. Salinity tests of treatment different concentration of (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) NaCl were managed with 13 barley and 22 wheat varieties germinated for 10 days. According to findings obtained from phenotypic investigations, two relative tolerant and two sensitive cultivars were selected and used in gene expression analysis. Transcript abundance for drought stress and relative fold changes for salinity stress were analyzed via expression assays of WRKY19 and WRKY52 genes. The minimum and maximum germination scores were changed between 0.090±0.090-3.818±0.400 (barley) and 0.454±0.312-3.0913±0.594 (wheat), while water loss rate (WLR) values ranged from 0.009±0.0091-0.2±0.0011 (barley) and 0.01±0.0005-0.3±0.1195 (wheat). In drought stress assessments, WRKY19 and WRKY52 transcripts abundances were relatively higher in relatively resistance cultivars in comparison to sensitive genotypes. Similarly, fold c h a n g e s i n g e n e expression were higher in resistant cultivars up to +26 changes. Drought and salinity stress factor analysis showed that there was no homogenous abiotic stress response profile for barley and wheat varieties in Turkey. According to gene expression analysis, WRKY19 and WRK52 genes could stimulate the d r o u g h t a n d s a l i n i t y responses. This study is important in terms of a n a l y z i n g t h e c e r e a l varieties planted in Turkey, a n d p r o v i d i n g a n a s s o c i a t i o n b e t w e e n WRKY genes and abiotic stress.

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The present study was conducted to determine the quantitative effects of light and temperature on growth of organic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa). In order to create variations in lettuce cultivation, effect of two different wastes mushroom compost (Agaricus-AMS; Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus-AMS; Pleurotus ostreatus) and vermicompost applications were investigated. Plant height, number of leaves, crown diameter, chlorophyll content (CCL) and leaf stomatal conductivity were measured as quality parameters for the lettuces. Significant differences were observed in the quality parameters related to the organic fertilization. A mathematical model has been developed to estimate the number of days (harvest time) required to produce lettuce with variation values generated by different organic fertilization (r 2 =0.99).