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As members of a stigmatised intersectional group, Muslim women in Hungary not only receive unwanted attention but also verbal/physical attacks, assaults, and hate crimes. What kind of individual strategies and collective resilience patterns have they developed to cope with or to improve the hazardous situations they experience? This paper utilises participant observation data and qualitative interviews to study these issues. Two major dimensions of the participants’ strategies were detected: active versus Passive and Individual versus Collective. Exposition of these coping strategies was also accompanied by discussing the relevance of the types of reactions to threatened identity as suggested by Breakwell’s social identity theory-inspired model and Pargament’s studies on religious resilience practices.

Peter Bodor for his continuous support during my Ph.D. study and related research, for his patience, motivation, availability, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time of this research and writing of this thesis. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor. This research could not have come into existence without wonderful women I met in the field who showed the courage and enthusiasm to take part in this. Being a woman has already its challenges in the contemporary world. Being an immigrant or convert Muslim women in a non-Muslim country is even harder. Therefore, my participants deserve a genuine appreciation and acknowledgment for their contribution to this dissertation.I also would like to thank my opponents Prof. Sara Bigazzi and Prof.György Csepeli for their insightful input and constructive criticism that helped me improve the final text. Additionally, I would like to mention my appreciation for each member of the Doctoral School of Sociology for their inputs, cooperation, and assistance during my study at Eötvos Lorand University. Also, I thank my friends, especially Pelin and Hatice, for their support and true friendship during this stressful and important period of my academic life. They proved to me once more that distance does not matter in strong friendships.Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family: my parents, my husband, and my beloved son for supporting me spiritually throughout writing this thesis and my life in general. Table of ContentsAuthor's Biographical Sketch .