Epilepsy is the most common neurological condition and cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. In the present study, the molecular hybridization tool was adopted to obtain six Schiff bases of isatin and adamantane-1-carbohydrazide (18–23). Then, their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated using pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-) induced seizure model using phenobarbitone as a positive control. Our findings showed that compounds 18–23 provided significant protection against PTZ-induced seizure, and maximum activities were associated with compound 23. Moreover, all investigated compounds increased the latency of induced convulsion and reduced the duration of epilepsy with compound 23 being the best. Interestingly, most of the synthesized molecules showed reduction in neurological symptoms and severity of the seizure. Molecular docking studies suggest GABA-A receptor as a potential target, and in silico ADME screening revealed that the pharmaceutical properties of compound 23 are within the specified limit. Thus, compound 23 was identified as a promising candidate that warrants further drug discovery processes.

Drug repurposing process aims to identify new uses for the existing drugs to overcome traditional de novo drug discovery and development challenges. At the same time, as viral infections became a serious threat to humans and the viral organism itself has a high ability to mutate genetically, and due to serious adverse effects that result from antiviral drugs, there are crucial needs for the discovery of new antiviral drugs, and to identify new antiviral effects for the exciting approved drugs towards different types of viral infections depending on the observed antiviral activity in preclinical studies or clinical findings is one of the approaches to counter the viral infections problems. This narrative review article summarized mainly the published preclinical studies that evaluated the antiviral activity of drugs that are approved and used mainly as antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and anthelmintic drugs, and the preclinical studies included the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo findings, additionally some clinical observations were also included while trying to relate them to the preclinical findings. Finally, the structure used for writing about the antiviral activity of the drugs was according to the families of the viruses used in the studies to form a better image for the target of antiviral activity of different drugs in the different kinds of viruses and to relate between the antiviral activity of the drugs against different strains of viruses within the same viral family.

Viral enfeksiyonların ortaya çıkması ve yeniden ortaya çıkması, birçoğunun sinir sistemini etkilediği ciddi sorunları temsil eder; bu viral enfeksiyonların birçoğunun hala etkili bir aşı veya tedavisi yoktur, bu nedenle de novo ilaç keşfi yaklaşımı ile birlikte ilacı yeniden tasarlama yaklaşımının dikkate alınması ve başarılı aşıların bulunması bu enfeksiyonların üstesinden gelme çabalarını destekleyecektir. İlacın yeniden kullanım amacına yönelik yaklaşımı ile ilgili olarak, sinir sistemi üzerindeki etkileri onaylanmış ve antiviral aktivite sergileyen ilaçlar, kan-beyin bariyerini geçebilme ve sinir sistemine kolayca ulaşabilme avantajına sahip olarak, yeniden kullanım için umut verici adaylar sunmaktadır. Viral enfeksiyonların üstesinden gelme çabasında yer alan bu anlatı inceleme makalesi, başlangıçta sinir sistemi üzerindeki etkileri için onaylanmış ilaçların antiviral aktivitesine odaklanan araştırmaları özetlemekte ve bulgular viral aile grubuna göre bölümler halinde düzenlenmiştir. Diğer araştırmacılara ilaçların aynı ailenin üyeleri üzerindeki etkisi ile farklı viral ailelerin virüsleri üzerindeki etkisi arasında ilişki kurmasına yardımcı olmak için çalışmalarda kullanılan virüsler.