Milia are small, white, benign keratinous cysts that are frequently encountered. Multiple eruptive milia are rare, and are characterized by the development of milia that are more extensive in number and distribution than would be expected in primary milia. We report a case of a 19-year-old girl with tiny, white papules in her axillae and on her abdomen with a review of the relevant literature.

Abstarct − As an attempt to search for bioactive natural products exerting anti-inflammatory activity, we evaluated the effects of the methanol extract of Polytrichum commune Hedw (PCM) (Polytrichaceae) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and pro-inflammatory cytokines release in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. PCM potently inhibits the production of NO, PGE 2 , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. Consistent with these results, PCM also concentration-dependently inhibited LPS-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygase (COX)-2 at the protein levels, and iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6 at the mRNA levels without an appreciable cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Furthermore, PCM inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation as determined by NF-κB reporter gene assay, and this inhibition was associated with a decrease in the nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 NF-κB. Taken together, these results suggest that PCM may play an anti-inflammatory role in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through the inhibitory regulation of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6 via NF-κB inactivation.

Scars cause significant impact on the quality of life of the affected patients and compel the search for more effective treatments. Ablative laser skin resurfacing, either alone or in combination with other modalities, is the gold standard for treating various scars but is associated with prolonged recovery and many side effects. To address these limitations, newer modalities employing the principle of fractional photothermolysis have emerged. Herein, we investigated the combined effect of punch excision and the erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) fractional laser on different types of scars in Asian individuals.

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