The abbreviations used are: +TIP Plus-end tracking microtubule-associated protein AcK40 -tubulin lysine 40 acetylation AGAP3 Arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat, and PH domain-containing protein 3 ANK ankyrin AP-MS affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry BAS basal CAP-Gly cytoskeleton-associated protein Gly-rich CKAP5 cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 CLASP1 CLIP-associating protein 1 CLASP2 CLIP-associating protein 2 CLIP1/CLIP-170 CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 1 CLIP2/CLIP-115 CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 2 co-IP(s) co-immunoprecipitation(s) CTCF corrected total cell fluorescence CTRL control EB1 end binding protein 1 EB3 end binding protein 3

Recent advances in tissue engineering highlight biomaterial designs with context-specific growth factors, cytokines and various small molecules to better mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironments. These efforts have led to direct improvements in cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions while mitigating undesirable cellular and immunogenic responses. In this short review, we focus on the crucial roles and regulation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling in biomaterial applications during tissue repair and regeneration.

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