No abstract

No abstract

Decoding a landscape as a palimpsest, a document overwritten again and again over the passage of time enables us to comprehend a landscape as a multilayered phenomenon, integrating past and present functions, ideologies and physical contexts (photography Mimi Urbanc).Razpoznavanje pokrajine kot palimpsest, kot dokument, sestavljen iz zapisov iz razli~nih obdobij omogo~a razumevanje pokrajine kot slojevit pojav, ki zdru`uje pretekle ter sedanje funkcije, ideologije in naravne danosti (fotografija Mimi Urbanc). IZVLE^EK: ^lanek prikazuje pokrajine kot naravni, zgodovinski, dru`beni in kulturni pojav, predvsem pa kot pomemben del ~lovekovega okolja. Teoreti~nemu delu, kjer predstavljamo pokrajinske spremembe, sledijo {tirje primeri iz Srednje in Vzhodne Evrope, s katerimi dokazujemo, da je dojemanje pokrajin v 20. stoletju nazadovalo. Skupaj z urbanizacijo, globalizacijo in drugimi dru`benimi procesi so hitro spreminjajo~e se dru`benoekonomske ureditve povzro~ile pretrganje vezi med ~lovekom in pokrajino: menjave oblasti vplivajo na predruga~enje dru`benih vrednot in zato se pokrajinske prvine razkrajajo, slabijo ali izginjajo, pokrajine pa posledi~no dobivajo novo ali le druga~no, preoblikovano podobo, vlogo in pomen. Vsaka sprememba v pokrajini zahteva svoj ~as, da se umesti, vendar neprestano spreminjanje meril, kaj je vredno in cenjeno, bega ljudi in ima otipljive posledice: depopulacijo, opu{~anje dejavnosti, divja odlagali{~a smeti, neustrezno infrastrukturo, regionalno neskladen arhitekturni razvoj itd. Zastavlja se vpra{anje, ali sodoben razvoj, turizma na primer, izbolj{uje odnos ljudi do pokrajine.KLJU^NE BESEDE: Srednja in Vzhodna Evropa, pokrajina, pokrajinske spremembe, dojemanje pokrajine, odtujitev.Prispevek je prispel v uredni{tvo 15. novembra 2004.

The context of sustainability as embodied in SENSOR, using the 'triple bottom line' concept, is briefly identified, and consequent frameworks and criteria for identifying indicators are discussed. These theoretical and practical criteria set significant constraints on the possible indicators to be used. The indicators are discussed in a summary form, and lessons are drawn. Reflections on the indicators and their use conclude the chapter.

2 | chapTer 18 | 25 éVa konkoly GyUróThe pannonIan GreaT plaIn -a floUrIshInG Garden?waTer as a key To The hIsTory and fUTUre of The cenTral lowlands In The carpaThIan basIn "Europe's Famous Garden" is the title of a book on the historical ecology of the Carpathian Basin (R. Várkonyi, 1993). This metaphorical title refers to several explicit and hidden senses of a garden. It is humanised Nature coinciding with a series of human needs: shelter, safety, food, beauty and paradise. The symbolism of garden and landscape has common roots: it is the relationship of culture and nature. The "famous garden" concept connects the rich potential and diversity of the landscape with its role in the heart of Europe. Humans have shaped the Carpathian Basin over several thousand years: the remains can be traced back to the Bronze Age. The first settlers used the loess on the flood-safe plateaus, where permanent changes resulted from the felling of deciduous forests, pasturage and ploughing (Frisnyák, 1990). They formed a cultivated landscape, widely called a cultural landscape: culture and cultivation have overlapping meanings. There are parallels with the terms horticulture, sylviculture and agriculture. The Pannonian Plain is the birthplace of the Hungarian people's European history. A famous writer explained that the resonantly open pronunciation of Hungarian makes it the perfect language to carry over the sweeping plains. Travellers and geographers sometimes described it as a world of a great diversity, and also of ambiguity and extremes. Why is it important in the European context? It is a distinctive region of the continent both culturally and ecologically. It conserves characteristics similar to the Eastern Eurasian Steppe; it is the most western region, where originally the forest steppe occurred, and it is a melting pot of the eastern and western cultures, and also a threshold for many species coming from neighbouring climatic zones. What does "Europe's Famous Garden" look like today? How have inhabitants of this area managed its potential and does the future hold? | 25