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The analysis of language, knowledge, and interpretations -and the practical consequences of this knowledge and these interpretations -forms the basic theoretical presupposition of all sociological inquiries into the phenomenon of "race." All forms of knowledge dealing with "race" are necessarily linked with practices of power constituting hierarchical orders of classification. Racist ideology by means of these orders constructs its objects and subjects, i.e., those who are racists and those who are stigmatised. Racist representations of the Other are closely interrelated with the discursive construction of the body as a space in which symbolic boundaries of impurity, hatred as well as health and desire are situated. The discursive regime of racism is not a by-product of modernity but one of its main cultural forms. The ideology of racism played a crucial role in legitimizing the emerging nation-state both in its internal efforts to normalize society and external attempts to colonize new lands.

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