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The São Luís Craton and the Palaeoproterozoic basement rocks of the Neoproterozoic Gurupi Belt in northern Brazil are part of an orogen having an early accretionary phase at 2240-2150 Ma and a late collisional phase at 2080 + 20 Ma. Geological, geochronological and isotopic evidence, along with palaeogeographic reconstructions, strongly suggest that these Brazilian terrains were contiguous with the West African Craton in Palaeoproterozoic times, and that this landmass apparently survived subsequent continental break-up until its incorporation in Rodinia.The Gurupi Belt is an orogen developed in the southern margin of the West African-São Luís Craton at c. 750-550 Ma, after the break up of Rodinia. Factors such as present-day and possible past geographical positions, the timing of a few well-characterized events, the structural polarity and internal structure of the belt, in addition to other indirect evidence, all favour correlation between the Gurupi Belt and other Brasiliano/Pan-African belts, especially the Médio Coreaú domain of the Borborema Province and the Trans-Saharan Belt of Africa, despite the lack of proven physical links between them. These Neoproterozoic belts are part of the branched system of orogens associated with amalgamation of the Amazonian, West Africa-São Luís, São Francisco and other cratons and minor continental blocks into the West Gondwana supercontinent.

The Amazonian Craton hosts world-class metallogenic provinces with a wide range of styles of primary precious, rare, base metal, and placer deposits. This paper provides a synthesis of the geological database with regard to granitoid magmatic suites, spatio temporal distribution, tectonic settings, and the nature of selected mineral deposits. The Archean Caraj as Mineral Province comprises greenstone belts (3.04 e2.97 Ga), metavolcanic-sedimentary units (2.76e2.74 Ga), granitoids (3.07e2.84 Ga) formed in a magmatic arc and syn-collisional setting, post-orogenic A 2-type granites as well as gabbros (ca. 2.74 Ga), and anorogenic granites (1.88 Ga). Archean iron oxide-Cu-Au (IOCG) deposits were synchronous or later than bimodal magmatism (2.74e2.70 Ga). Paleoproterozoic IOCG deposits, emplaced at shallow-crustal levels, are enriched with NbeYeSneBeeU. The latter, as well as SneW and Au-EGP deposits are coeval with ca. 1.88 Ga A 2-type granites. The Tapaj os Mineral Province includes a low-grade meta-volcano-sedimentary sequence (2.01 Ga), tonalites to granites (2.0e1.87 Ga), two calc-alkaline volcanic sequences (2.0e1.95 Ga to 1.89e1.87 Ga) and A-type rhyolites and granites (1.88 Ga). The calc-alkaline volcanic rocks host epithermal Au and base metal mineralization, whereas CueAu and CueMo ± Au porphyry-type mineralization is associated with sub-volcanic felsic rocks, formed in two continental magmatic arcs related to an accretionary event, resulting from an Andean-type northwards subduction. The Alta Floresta Gold Province consists of Paleoproterozoic plutono-volcanic sequences (1.98e1.75 Ga), generated in oceaneocean orogenies. Disseminated and vein-type Au ± Cu and Au þ base metal deposits are hosted by calc-alkaline I-type granitic intrusions (1.98 Ga, 1.90 Ga, and 1.87 Ga) and quartz-feldspar porphyries (ca. 1.77 Ga). Timing of the gold deposits has been constrained between 1.78 Ga and 1.77 Ga and linked to post-collisional Juruena arc felsic magmatism (e.g., Colíder and Teles Pires suites). The Transamazonas Province corresponds to a NeS-trending orogenic belt, consolidated during the Transamazonian cycle (2.26e1.95 Ga), comprising the Lourenço, Amap a, Carecuru, Bacaj a, and Santana do Araguaia tectonic domains. They show a protracted tectonic evolution, and are host to the pre-, syn-, and post-orogenic to anorogenic granitic magmatism. Gold mineralization associated with magmatic events is still unclear. Greisen and pegmatite SneNbeTa deposits are related to 1.84 to 1.75 Ga late-orogenic to anorogenic A-type granites. The Pitinga Tin Province includes the Madeira SneNbeTaeF deposit, Sngreisens and Sn-episyenites. These are associated with A-type granites of the Madeira Suite (1.84 e1.82 Ga), which occur within a cauldron complex (Iricoum e Group). The A-type magmatism evolved from a post-collisional extension, towards a within-plate setting. The hydrothermal processes (400 C e100 C) resulted in albitization and formation of disseminated cryolite, pyrochlore columbitization, and formation of a massive cryolit...