AIM:To evaluate different types of treatment for sigmoid volvulus and clarify the role of endoscopic intervention versus surgery.

Liver transplantation may provide a survival benefit among patients with diffuse neuroendocrine tumors metastases to the liver. However, due to high recurrence rates, strict selection of patients is critical. Due to the scarcity of available grafts and the lack of level 1 evidence, the recommendations to endorse liver transplantation for extensive liver neuroendocrine tumors metastases warrants ongoing deliberations.

Postoperative adhesions remain one of the more challenging issues in surgical practice. Although peritoneal adhesions occur after every abdominal operation, the density, time interval to develop symptoms, and clinical presentation are highly variable with no predictable patterns. Numerous studies have investigated the pathophysiology of postoperative adhesions both in vitro and in vivo. Factors such as type and location of adhesions, as well as timing and recurrence of adhesive obstruction remain unpredictable and poorly understood. Although the majority of postoperative adhesions are clinically silent, the consequences of adhesion formation can represent a lifelong problem including chronic abdominal pain, recurrent intestinal obstruction requiring multiple hospitalizations, and infertility. Moreover, adhesive disease can become a chronic medical condition with significant morbidity and no effective therapy. Despite recent advances in surgical techniques, there is no reliable strategy to manage postoperative adhesions. We herein review the pathophysiology and clinical significance of postoperative adhesions while highlighting current techniques of prevention and treatment.