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Objective: To analyze the results of observations conducted to assess the intensity of the accumulation of residual deformations in the railway track structure operated in severe natural and climatic conditions (the observation site is located above the Arctic Circle). The following were also taken into account: the railway track design (type of intermediate fasteners, track slab, condition of the ballast bed), the railway line scheme, the tonnage handled, the train speed and the axle load. Methods: Mathematical statistics, data processing. Results: The dependences of the railway track deformation and strength properties, including the tonnage handled, have been obtained. Practical importance: The presented observation results of the assessment of the intensity of deformation accumulation in the railway track structure operated in the severe natural and climatic conditions of the North of the Arctic Circle indicate that the use of increased axle load wagons will entail a significant reduction in overhaul life and an increase in the track maintenance operating expenditures