A rat model of inflammatory and degenerative damages of the smooth parodont tissue by means of administration of 2 % formal-dehyde water solution into the smooth parodont tissues was described. The oxidative status of rats including lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system indexes was assessed because of their high sensitivity to inflammation process. The lipid peroxidation indexes (malonic dialdehyde and dienic conjugates level) were 2-3-fold higher in the blood serum and parodont tissue in 7 days after inflammation beginning. The system of antioxidant defense (recovered glutatione level and activity of superoxide dismutase) was more sensitive in comparison with lipid peroxidation. The recovered glutation content in the blood serum was decreased from 2.02 ± 0.09 till 0.88 ± 0.21 µM/ml, and superoxide dismutase activity was reduced from 0.78 ± 0.10 till 0.28 ± 0.04 А/mg protein, that was these indexes were decreased in 2.5-3 times. The same regularity was observed in the smooth tissues of the parodont. The recovered glutation level was decreased in 2.1 times and superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in 7 times. Therefore, the curative and prevention action of tooth pastes and stomatologic drugs could be assessed with this model of inflammation. In particular, the tooth pastes lesmin-dent > clamin-dent > zhemchug (in order of descending activity) attenuate or abolish signs of inflammatory and degenerative damages of the smooth parodont tissue in rats assessed on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system indexes.

The aim of this study was to assess changes in the lipid peroxidation activity and immune response in modeling inflammatory and degenerative damage to the soft tissues of the periodontium of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats weighing 220-250g. Modeling the inflammatory and degenerative damage to the soft tissues of the periodontium in animals (n=10) of the test group (TG) was carried out using a single dose of a 2% formaldehyde aqueous solution injected into each side of the outer part of the gums (0.15 ml) at the level of the lower molars of anesthetized animals. The control group (CG) of animals (n=10) received an injection of physiological saline solution in the same volume. In 3 days after damage modeling, the animals were killed by decapitation and blood samples were drawn for testing. The intensity of LPO processes in the blood was estimated by content of conjugated dienes and TBA-reactive substances (TBARS). The status of the AOD system was determined by the SOD activity and GSH level. The immune status of the animals was assessed by several indicators as leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT), the phagocytic reaction of neutrophils, and oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent microbicidal activity of neutrophils. Results: The results obtained showed that the modeling of inflammatory and degenerative damage to the periodontium in rats was characterized by significant changes, affecting both the LPO system and the immune response. An LMIT conducted with various mitogens demonstrated the development of immunodeficiency in TG characterized by high activity of the inflammatory process. Immune disorders in animals of TG were also supported by changes in the phagocytosis system. Low levels on the integral NBT test indicate disorders in the state of oxygen-dependent microbicidal systems of phagocytes. The assessment of the activity of oxygen-independent microbicidal systems of phagocytes in LCT also found disorders in the immune status of animals of TG. Conclusion: Inflammatory and degenerative damage of the soft tissues of the periodontium in rats is accompanied by pronounced disorders in both the LPO system and the immune response.

Introduction:The physical and chemical properties and biological effects of ozone that determine bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunocorrective effects are a direct prerequisite for the use of ozone therapy in the postoperative period of treatment of oral leukoplakia. This study aimed to establish the effectiveness of the combined use of cryosurgery and local ozone therapy in the complex treatment of patients with oral mucosa leukoplakia. Methods: Thirty-three patients (14 men and 19 women) with oral mucosa leukoplakia (verrucose form) aged 30 to 75 years old were examined. Cryodestruction of the lesion was carried out with liquid nitrogen using autonomous cryoapplicators made of porous titanium nickelide. After the treatment, all patients, depending on the type of postoperative treatment, were divided into 2 groups. In the main group, ozonated olive oil was additionally used by applying it to the mucous membrane around the focus of destruction. Patients in the comparison group were prescribed traditional anti-inflammatory treatment. A score assessment of clinical signs (pain syndrome, mucous membrane condition in the surgery area, nature of the wound discharge, and epithelization degree) at different stages of the postoperative period was performed. An enzyme immunoassay was used to assess the activity of superoxide dismutase. Results: In the main group, on the background of ozone therapy, there was a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome compared to the comparison group at all stages of the postoperative period: on the 5 th day, this indicator was half as much as in the comparison group, and on the 14 th day, pain completely disappeared (p < 0.05). Analysis of the state of the mucosa around the operative intervention area, as well as characteristics of the surrounding tissue edema, also confirmed a significant reduction in indicators against the comparison group at all stages of postoperative intervention, with complete recovery on the 14 th day (p < 0.05). The highest rates of wound surface cleanup, granulation and epithelization were seen in the main group, with favorable ozone exposure on the 10th day relative to the data of the initial period. A significant difference relative to the comparison group was registered on the 7 th , 10 th and 14 th day. It was revealed that the activity of salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed a statistically significant increase from the first day in the patients of the main group, which remained on the 10 th day, while the maximum SOD activity was registered on the 5th day after the surgery. The main group patients showed increased SOD activity at all stages of the study as compared to the comparison group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that patients with verrucous leukoplakia of the oral mucosa were more effectively treated using postoperative cryotherapy management alongside local ozone therapy.

Background: The aim of this research was to determine the functional state of regional blood flow in young people with varying degrees of anatomical and functional disorders of periodontal tissues. Methods and Results: One hundred and thirty-five young patients with varying degrees of anatomical and functional disorders of periodontal tissues (AFDP) and 52 controls with intact periodontium were examined. All patients with AFDP were divided into three groups: Group 1 included 33 patients in the compensation stage (low degree of periodontal risk, intact periodontium, no clinical symptoms, pale pink gums, no bleeding on probing, dentogingival attachment is not disturbed); Group 2 included 38 patients in the sub-compensation stage (average degree of periodontal risk, disorders of the mucogingival complex, without clinical symptoms); and 64 patients in the decompensation stage (high degree of periodontal risk, disorders of the mucogingival complex, the presence of clinical symptoms, individual or combined signs of periodontal pathology, gingival recession (Class I and II according to Miller's classification). We studied the regional blood flow of periodontal tissues, which was assessed by an ultrasound Doppler graph in a non-invasive way. The parameters of linear (PSV, peak systolic velocity) and volumetric (Qs, maximum systolic volume velocity) velocities of blood flow, as well as the parameters of the wall vascularization (PI, pulsation index; RI, resistance index). Results: The PSV increased statistically significantly with a load compared to rest in the control and sub-compensation groups and decreased in the decompensation group with a load, compared to the rest condition. The PSV increased relative to the control in the subcompensation and decompensation groups in rest and under load. The Qs indicator showed a similar trend in the groups. Qs significantly increased under load, compared to the rest condition in the control, compensation, and subcompensation groups, and decreased in the decompensation group. The Qs values, in comparison with the control, increased in the subcompensation and decompensation groups in the rest condition and under load. The PI increased with the load relative to the rest condition in the control, compensation, and decompensation group. At the same time, PI decreased under the load, compared to the rest condition, in the subcompensation group. In comparison with the control, the PI values decreased in the subcompensation and decompensation groups in the rest condition and under load. The RI significantly changed only in the subcompensation group under load, compared to the rest condition. Only RI values decreased significantly in the subcompensation group under load, compared to the control. Conclusion: The use of Doppler ultrasonography in assessing the state of regional blood flow of periodontal tissues is a highly informative and non-invasive method. The velocity characteristics (linear and volumetric velocities) of blood flow are important diagnostic indicators, allowing the most rapid and reliable assessment of the degree of anatomical and functional disorders of periodontal tissues.

The aim of this study was to investigate the manifestations of headaches in adult patients with types of malocclusion and occlusion deformities. Methods and Results: The study was conducted in 171 adult patients (43 men and 128 women) with malocclusion and occlusion deformities at the age of 18 to 62 years old, who were examined in the orthopedic dentistry clinic. The nature of the dentition closing was studied directly in the patient's oral cavity, and with the help of the "Gnatomat" universal articulator on diagnostic plaster models of the jaws. The occlusal relationships of the teeth were analyzed in the position of the central, anterior, lateral and dynamic occlusions. The biomechanics of the lower jaw movements were studied in 3 mutually perpendicular directions. The detected anomalies and deformities of the occlusion were grouped as sagittal, transversal and vertical. Each group was diagnosed as independent forms of malocclusion, and combined with other anomalies and deformities of the dentoalveolar system. All the subjects were asked to answer the questions of a questionnaire specially developed for our study. The unified questionnaire was developed based on a modified rating questionnaire and the determination of the life disorders index in neck pain. The questionnaire includes blocks of questions aimed at identifying the localization of the headache in the temporal, parietal (in one or both) regions, occipital, frontal regions and in the longitudinal seam region. We identified complaints of patients with pain in adjacent regions of the head. Of the 171 examined adult patients with malocclusion and occlusion deformities, 99 (57.9%) complained of headaches. The presence of a headache in the parietal region of the head was associated most often with sagittal and transversal malocclusions. The presence of a headache in the temporal part of the head was associated often with vertical malocclusion The results of correlation analysis showed that pain in 2 regions of the head was associated with malocclusion: the temporal region (rb=0.9892, P=0.0013) and parietal region (rb=0.9712, P=0.0058). Other regions were not statistically significantly associated with malocclusion. Conclusion: There is a certain relationship between the types of malocclusion, occlusion deformities and localization of headaches in adults. Headaches in the parietal and temporal regions of the head are associated with malocclusion and occlusion deformities more often. The obtained data can serve as a basis for the development of recommendations for appropriate corrective measures in orthodontic practice.