The object of this study is the program of digitalization of the transport sector for the purpose of stable and effective development of the Russian economy. The subject of the research is the development of directions for the implementation of the digital economy in road transport. The working hypothesis of the study involves the construction of a systematic understanding of the role of digitalization in the transport sector in the context of improving the country’s economy through modern IT technologies. In the existing theory and practice, the idea of the role of digitalization in the transport sector for improving socioeconomic conditions needs to be clarified and supplemented. The theoretical basis of the research was the work of both domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the role of digitalization, including in the transport sector. The information base was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, legal acts of Russia, information obtained at all-Russian and international conferences devoted to the problems of introducing the digital economy in various spheres of life. The article presents its own vision of the concept of “digital economy”, substantiates the relevance and significance of the process of digitalization of the transport sector. The main directions of introducing the digital economy into the provision of services for the transportation of goods and passengers by road are proposed, the implementation of which will ensure stable and effective development of not only the transport industry, but also the country’s economy as a whole.