Background: Sugar palm fruit (Arenga pinnata) is used for osteoarthritis empirically. It also has antioxidant activity and showed inhibition to lipoxygenase activity. The study about analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of sugar palm fruit is still limited, this study was initiated to explore analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of sugar palm fruit ethanol extract (SFEE).Materials and Methods: Acetic acid induced writhing was performed for screening analgesic activity, meanwhile antiinflammatory activity was tested against rat paw edema. Acute toxicity and phytochemical screening were also investigated.Results: The results of phytochemical screening revealed that flavonoids, alkaloids and quinones were present in SFEE. SFEE 50 and 100 mg/kg have analgesic effect and show the anti-oedematogenic effect against paw edema induced by carrageenan. SFEE could significantly decrease the neutrophils numbers as compared to the carrageenan-treated group. Neutrophil activation has been shown to contribute to tissue inflammation and damage.Conclusion: SFEE have analgetic and anti-inflammatory activity.Keywords: Arenga pinnata, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, acute toxicity

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract. This study also investigated phytochemical analysis of the extract and improvement in the islet of Langerhans.Methods: Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects were evaluated using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty-five Wistar rats devided into five groups, that are normal group, control group that induced by alloxan 125 mg/kg body weight and given CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), and three treatment group that induced by alloxan and given Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract (AMLEE) with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose and total cholesterol levels were measured before and after alloxan induction, and 21 d after AMLEE treatment. At the end of the study, all of the animals experiment were sacrificed for histopathological examination.Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phytosterols and phenols were present in ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf. At the end of the study, blood glucose and total cholesterol levels in all AMLEE treated group were decreased significantly (p<0.05). Final blood glucose level in the groups that given AMLEE 50 mg/kg body weight (86.7±14.6 mg/dl) was almost the same with that of the normal group (91.25±28.38 mg/dl). The result of the histopathological examination is not showed an improvement of the islet of Langerhans in AMLEE treated groups. Conclusion:In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. However, there was no improvement in the islet of Langerhans damage.

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Gynura divaricata (GD) also known as Dewa leaf is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants which are also native to India, Thailand and China. GD is widely used as antidiabetic, antihypertensive and other diseases including several tumors. However, research on the effects of GD as antidiabetic is still not widely practiced, especially in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of GD ethanolic extract on blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced diabetes mice. This research is an experimental research with pre- and post-test design using 24 male DDY strain mice. Animals experiment is divided into four groups, that are one normal group and three alloxan-induced diabetes mice group that give 1% CMC (control), 400[Formula: see text]mg/kg GD ethanolic extract and 0.65[Formula: see text]mg/kg glibenclamide, respectively. Treatment was given for 14 days. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after inducing alloxan, and after 14 days treatment. At the end of study, all of animals experiment were sacrificed for histological examination. Phytochemical analysis revealed that polyphenols, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, terpenoids and and quinones were present in ethanol extract of GD. The results of this study showed significant ([Formula: see text]) decrease of blood glucose levels after GD ethanolic extract and glibenclamide treatment. The results of histological examination showed improvement in pancreas damage and significant increase in the number of beta cells in GD and glibenclamide groups. The results indicate that dewa leaf ethanolic extract has antidiabetic activity and the effectiveness is the same as glibenclamide. GD also could repair damage of pancreas caused by alloxan induction.

AbstrakEkstrak kunyit dan bawang putih telah diketahui mempunyai efek antidiabetik, tetapi mekanisme kerjanya belum diketahui. Penelitian ini mengamati efek tiga ekstrak rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) dan bawang putih (Allium sativum L.), yaitu ekstrak heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol terhadap kadar glukosa darah dengan tes toleransi glukosa. Selanjutnya, ekstrak yang paling efektif dan komponen aktifnya (kurkuminoid dan S-metil sistein) diuji dengan tes toleransi insulin. Empat puluh ekor tikus galur Wistar dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kelompok yang hanya diberi emulsi tinggi lemak (kontrol), dan sisanya selain diberi emulsi tinggi lemak juga masing-masing diberi ekstrak kunyit dengan dosis 50 mg/kgBB, ekstrak bawang putih dengan dosis 50 mg/kgBB, kurkuminoid dengan dosis 25 mg/kgBB, S-metil sistein dengan dosis 25 mg/kgBB, kombinasi ekstrak kunyitbawang putih dengan dosis masing-masing 25 mg/kgBB, dan kombinasi kurkuminoid-S-metil sistein dengan dosis masing-masing 12,5 mg/kgBB selama 10 hari. Resistensi insulin dievaluasi dengan tes toleransi insulin. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2010 di Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati (SITH) Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa K TTI (konstanta tes toleransi insulin) hewan kelompok ekstrak bawang putih (7,2±0,84), kurkuminoid (7,14±0,74), dan kombinasi kurkuminoid-S-metil sistein (7,46±0,64) secara bermakna (p<0,05) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif (3,2±1,92). Simpulan, ekstrak bawang putih, kurkuminoid, dan kombinasi kurkuminoid-S-metil sistein meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin. [MKB. 2011;43(4):153-9]. Kata kunci: Ekstrak bawang putih, ekstrak kunyit, tes sensitivitas insulin Effect of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma longa L.) and Garlic Extract (Allium sativum L.) on Insulin Sensitivity AbstractStudies have shown the antidiabetic effect of turmeric and garlic. However their mechanism of action remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of three turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and garlic extracts (Allium sativum L.), that are, hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract on blood glucose levels with glucose tolerance test. Furthermore the most effective extracts and its active compound (curcuminoid and S-methyl cysteine) tested with insulin tolerance test. Forty Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups that was normal group, group that treated with a high fat emulsion (control group) and remaining groups were treated with a high fat emulsion and turmeric extract 50 mg/kgBW, garlic extract 50 mg/kgBW, curcuminoid 25 mg/kgBW, S-methyl cysteine 25 mg/kgBW, turmeric-garlic extract combination each 25 mg/kgBW and curcuminoid-S-methyl cysteine combination each 12,5 mg/kgBW for 10 days. Insulin resistance was evaluated by insulin tolerance test. This study conducted from August-October 2010 at Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati (SITH) Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB). Results of this study showed that insulin tolerance test constanta (K ITT ) were bigger in animals that treated ...