Context: Moringa oleifera is the famous plant that has been used as medicinal plant for diverse pharmacological activity. Aims: To evaluate the total phenolic, total flavonoid, quercetin content as well as the antioxidant activity of standardized extract of Moringa oleifera (Lamk) leaf, collected from three regions with different elevation. Materials and Methods: The leaves were extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96% and evaporated by rotary evaporator to obtain the viscous extract. The determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid were performed by spectroscopic method, while the quercetin concentration were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results: Ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera leaf from region with medium altitude (Sigi regency) showed higher total phenolic, total flavonoid, quercetin concentration and antioxidant activity than regions with low and high altitude (Parigi and Palu cities). Conclusion: This study reveals the potency of standardized extracts of Moringa oleifera growing in medium altitude (Sigi regency) to be developed as antioxidant herbal medicine.

Background: Ulvan is a natural polymer and type of sulfated polysaccharides from green seaweed that could have potential as a candidate for wound dressing material based on the support of its biopolymer characteristics such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Objective: In this study, we developed and prepared three different hydrogel films to explore the potency of ulvan for wound dressing application. Methods: Ulvan hydrogel films were prepared by the facile method through ionic crosslinking with boric acid and added glycerol as a plasticizer. The films were evaluated in regard to swelling degree, water vapor transmission (WVTR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder x-ray diffractometry (P-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. Results: The hydrogel films showed that the different concentration of ulvan in the formula affects the characteristics of the hydrogel film. The higher the concentration of ulvan in UHF, the higher the value of viscosity (201±13.45 to 689±62.23 cps for UHF5 to UHF10), swelling degree (82% to 130% for UHF5 to UHF10 at 1 h), moisture content (24%±1.94% to 18.4%±0.51 for UHF5 to UHF10), and the WVTR were obtained in the range 1856-2590g/m 2 /24h. Meanwhile, the SEM showed porous hydrogel film. Besides, all hydrogel films can reduce hydroxyl radicals and inhibit gram-positive and negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus epidermidis). Conclusion:The swelling behavior and WVTR of these films are great and could have potential as a wound dressing biomaterial, supported by their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

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Free radicals can cause damage to human skin, so antioxidants are needed to counteract the negative effects of these free radicals, for example preparations in the form of face masks. For tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) contains nutritious substances, namely lycopene which can be useful as an antioxidant in the skin. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in kaolin and bentonite bases on physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of tomato lycopene extract clay mask, and to determine the best formula. Tomato lycopene extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was modified into a microemulsion preparation to keep antioxidant activity stable. Kaolin and bentonite which were used as bases had various concentrations in each formula, namely F1 15% and 2%, F2 20% and 1.5%, F3 25% and 1%, F4 30% and 0.5%, respectively. The results showed that the four clay mask preparations were homogeneous and did not change in color, shape and aroma. The pH test on the four formulas is F1 4.33 ± 0.35, F2 5.58 ± 0.24, F3 6.48 ± 0.22, F4 7.34 ± 0.08. The viscosity test on the four formulas, namely F1 20213.3 ± 140.4, F2 24133.3 ± 83.26, F3 29080 ± 105.83, F4 33293.3 ± 378.06. The spreadability test was F1 6.59 ± 0.24, F2 5.59 ± 0.16, F3 4.85 ± 0.11, F4 7.84 ± 0.05. The test time for the preparation to dry was F1 19.02 ± 0.36, F2 15.33 ± 0.54, F3 11.27 ± 0.42, F4 8.24 ± 0.50. Easy-to-clean tests i.e. F1 and F2 are very easy to clean, F3 and F4 are easy to clean. The best formula for clay masks is the F3 preparation where the concentration of kaolin is 25% and bentonite is 1%.