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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui: (1) mitigasi bencana yang tepat di Kawasan Rawan Bencana (KRB III) Gunung Merapi Desa Mranggen, 2) tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam mitigasi bencana. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Kepala Keluarga di Desa Mranggen sejumlah 1291 KK. Sampel diambil secara stratified random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analisis data secara deskriptif menggunakan tabel frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) (a) mitigasi struktural berupa pembangunan Check dam, Sabo dam, Operit, Jembatan Gantung, Tanggul/Bronjong, Talud/Drainase, dan Jalur Evakuasi. (b) mitigasi nonstruktural meliputi penyusunan Standar Operasional Prosedur Penanggulangan Bencana Gunung Merapi, Prosedur Tetap Penanggulangan Bencana (Protap PB), Prosedur Evakuasi, Program Sister Village, Peta KRB, OPRB (Organisasi Pengurangan Risiko Bencana), Penghutanan, Sosialisasi PB dan Alat Komunikasi HT (Handy Talky). (2) Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam mitigasi bencana menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor nilai keseluruhan responden pada masing-masing tahapan partisipasi 22,64 atau 36% tergolong dalam tingkatan sedang. Kata kunci: mitigasi bencana, Gunung Merapi, partisipasi masyarakat, Kawasan Rawan Bencana

The exploration of gout treatment agent based on the natural product gains high attention in recent years. Although some current drugs effectively treat gout, fewer unbeneficial effects cannot be avoided. Thus, searching for new alternatives with fewer side effects is needed. This present work was aimed at investigating the potency of saponins in pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) and candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus L.) extract as an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that responsible for gout disease, by in vitro study. The stage of this work was divided into six stages, including (1) sample preparation, (2) extraction of saponins using 70% ethanol, (3) isolation of saponins by thin-layer chromatography, (4) phytochemical test of saponins, (5) inhibitory activity testing of saponins using in vitro analysis, and (6) determination the types of saponins by UV-Vis, FT-IR and LC-MS/MS spectroscopy. The result from the preparative TLC of pineapple extract, there were three spots with Rf value of 0.95 (pi1), 0.65 (pi2), and 0.38 (pi3), while from candlenut extract there were two saponin isolates with Rf value of 0.95 (ci1) and 0.79 (ci2). The inhibition activity of each isolate against xanthine oxidase was 103.41% (pi1), 269.73% (pi2), 84.16% (pi3), 222.90% (ci1), and 157.05% (ci2) relative to Allopurinol 100 ppm. Based on spectroscopic analysis results, isolate with the greatest inhibition activity was likely a diosgenin type (C27H42O3) of saponin.

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The aim of this research is to obtain indigenous fungus producing lignin peroxidase from the Cocoa Plantation in Sepawon Kediri Regency, Indonesia. Isolation was done using Minimum Salt Medium alkali lignin (MSM-L), purification was performed using monospore technique, lignin peroxidase activity was screened by agar medium containing methylene blue, and microscopic morphology of fungi was studied using slide culture technique. Five isolates of fungus were obtained and three isolates of fungus with different morphology were purified. The screening results showed that only two fungus isolates were indicated as the indigenous fungus producing lignin peroxidase were KLUM 1 and KLUM 2 . KLUM 1 was morphologycally predicted as Sporotricum aereum and KLUM 2 was predicted close to genus Crysosporium sp.