With the development of technology, especially in the world of education, teachers must have learning media that attracts students' attention, one of which is E-Books. This study aims to determine whether Problem Based Learning-Based E-Books Can Improve Students' Critical Thinking Ability in Primary School Science Learning. This research was conducted on elementary school students in the district of Jagakarsa, South Jakarta. This research method uses the RnD method. In this research. To get the results, the researchers used a pre-test and also a post-test to get the results. The results show that this E-Book is able to improve critical thinking skills in science learning as digital media innovation, narration, video and also practice questions.

PurposeThe voice of school principals represents the principals' thoughts and experiences because of their as teachers' evaluator. It provides principals' perception on making sense the teacher evaluation. In qualitative research, voice can provide the truth and meaning of principals' experience in teachers evaluation. Their voices in the qualitative interviews are recorded and transcribed into words (Jackson and Mazzei, 2009 and Charteris and Smardon, 2018). By listening to the voices of principals in five provinces in Indonesia, this study, a qualitative research, intends to explore the principals' sensemaking in teacher evaluation.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a qualitative approach, as it was principally concerned with capturing participants' direct experiences in their natural setting as both the teachers' evaluator and school leader (Patton, 2002). The qualitative interview and content analysis were used in this study. The qualitative interview is a type of conversation used to explore informants' experiences and interpretations; in this study, the headmaster (Mishler, 1986; Spradley, 1979 in Hatch, 2002). Researchers used the interviews to uncover the structure of meaning used by principals in making sense the policies that determine teacher evaluations and that are used to carry out evaluations within principal's local authority. The implicit structure can be discovered from direct observation, and the qualitative interviews can bring this meaning to the surface (Hatch, 2002). Therefore, by applying the qualitative interviews, it is expected that information or “unique” interpretations from the principal can be obtained (Stake, 2010). Content analysis is a research technique for making valid conclusions from oral texts into a research context. This analysis can provide new insights, improve researchers' understanding of certain phenomena, or inform other practical actions through the use of verbal data collected in the form of answers to open interview questions (Krippendorff, 2004).FindingsThere are three important findings relating to principals' sensemaking of teachers' evaluation; they are teachers' length of service, principals' perceptions of teacher evaluations and consistency in teacher performance improvement. The principals' perception greatly influences their beliefs and sensemaking of teacher evaluation. In essence, teacher evaluation has not been used to identify high-quality teachers. Principals focus more on the improvement of teachers' welfare than teacher actual performance.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should explore principals' attitude toward the stakeholders when student achievement is not in line with the consistent increase in teachers' performance ratings. And, it is also necessary to investigate the policy makers response to see the consistent improvement in teacher's evaluation is not in line with student achievement. Finally, how to eliminate the culture of joint responsibility without causing frictions in the school environment.Originality/valueThe authors hereby declare that this submission is their own work, and to the best of their knowledge, it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material that have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma any other publishers.

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ASSISTANCE FOR ASSA’ADAH ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN USING MEDIA CONFERENCES AS DISTANCE LEARNING MEDIA FACILITIES. The development of features in the media conference and various types of media conferences available further adds to the problems in the implementation of distance learning, especially in teachers who experience stuttering technology becomes its own problem in the implementation of distance learning in Assa’adah Islamic Elementary School of Jakarta. This we realize to be the basis of devotion to conduct training in optimizing various media conferences as a means of online learning to teachers with the target of participants able to master several media conferences (Zoom, google meet, Teams) that we teach as a solution to problems that exist in learning.