Introduction: Varicoceles, a dilation of veins within the pampiniform plexus, are present in ∼15% of the general male population. In this article we reviewed the epidemiology, symptoms, and various surgical techniques for the treatment of varicoceles and the results of following treatment.Material and methods: The work was based on medical articles collected in PubMed, websites and medical books. The research was conducted by looking at keywords such as: "Varicoceles", "varicocelectomy" and “infertility”. Results: There are many methods of treating varicoceles ranging from Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy (MSV) or Laparoscopic varicocelectomy. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary approach to the patient and innovative surgical techniques can provide us with many solutions in the treatment of the disease. Doctors should adjust treatment to provide the best therapeutic effects.

Background: Z-drugs (zopiclone, zaleplon, and zolpidem) are commonly prescribed medicine classes associated with a risk of abuse, dependence or withdrawal.   Objective: The purpose of our work is to review the current knowledge on the evidence for z-drugs harms and estimate the prevalence of dispensed prescriptions.  Material and Methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed database using the key words: “Zolpidem”, “Z-drugs”, “Abuse”, “Dependence”  Results: According to our findings, zolpidem should be prescribed with the same caution as BZDs, especially in patients with a history of drug abuse or in the elderly.  Conclusion: Psychiatrists and physicians should be aware of the misuse potential of zolpidem and adopt measures restricting its use.

Introduction: Pruritus in atopic dermatitis is one of the main symptoms of the disease and the one that causes a significant impact on quality of life. It is important to control itching because it’s not only an unplesant sense. Scratching topically deepen the dermatitis, damages the epidermal barrier causing additional infections possible  and makes it harder to acheive a remission of the disease. It is also highly associated with stress and has an impact on mental health of the patient.  In this article we present a summary of how pruritus affects the quality of life, mechanisms of pruritus and possible treatment. Materials and methods: Our work is based on the articles published in PubMed, medical books and websites. We were looking for the key words such as ‘stress and itch’, ‘pruritus treatment’, ‘chronic itch in atopic dermatitis’, ‘itch and quality of life’. Results: Patients with atopic dermatitis should come under miltidisciplinar treatment to acheive the best possible control of symptoms. This will result in higher quality of life and better mental health of the patient. Conclusions: There is a high need to develop new targeted medications as contemporary medicine knows a lot more about the mechanism of pruritus. Many new types of treatment are being studied and soon we may have more options to choose in systemic and topical therapy. We should also concetrate more on a mental side of the disease.

Introduction: Endometriosis is a common disease, especially in young women. Inthis article, we reviewed the epidemiology, symptoms, and various options for thetreatment of endometriosis.Material and methods: The work was based on medical articles collected inPubMed, websites and medical books. The research was conducted by looking atkeywords such as: "endometriosis", „endometriosis treatment”, „endometriosis andnew methods"Results: There are many methods of treating endometriosis, ranging fromhormonal therapy to surgical treatment.Conclusions: Endometriosis is difficult disease to treat. We need more researchesand experience to find the perfect way treatment without side effects.

Introduction: Sleep is a very important part of human health. Research over the past several years has shown that sleep disorders such as insomnia can affect the risk of infectious diseases. This review describes the immunocompromising mechanisms of insomnia and the consequences associated with this disorder. This review also includes treatment methods. Material and methods: The work was based on the articles published in PubMed, medical books and websites.  Results: Insomnia has an influence in the markers of inflammation and there are few methods of treating insomnia. Conclusions: Sleep influences the two primary effector systems which in turn regulate immune responses. Sleep disturbance like insomnia increases the risk of infectious diseases. Treatment can lower the markers of inflammation and helps relieve the symptoms of insomnia.