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This paper presents a new concept for calculating of the bond graph observer gains based on a graphical approach that investigates the Lyapunov Second Method in order to conclude about the observer stability and to search for the adequate gains that stabilize the observer. This new observer is used in the mode identification procedure. In fact, the observer’s residues allow the differentiation between the current mode and the other system modes. In order to guarantee the efficiency of the mode identification procedure, a new bond graph approach is proposed. It concerns the discernibility between the modes in bond graph language. First, it deals with the R-discernibility that introduces the definition of the discernibility through the structural parity residual then returns to a simple calculation of some matrices’ ranks in bond graph language. Second, another bond graph technique is applied to define the discernibility throughout the equivalency between the realizations.