En la mayor parte de las especies, no se detecto ningún efecto de la inmersión en nitrógeno liquido, sobre la viabilidad de las semillas. No obstante, en algunas muestras de Pisum sativum y Lathyrus spp., hubo una pérdida de viabilidad, atribuible a los daños físicos sufridos por las semillas. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la crioconservación puede ser un método adecuado, para la conservación de las semillas de estas especies.

No abstract

Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada nas características físicas da goiaba (Psidium guajava L.). O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Armazenamento e Processamento de Produtos Agrícolas, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, PB, onde foram realizadas todas as análises. As goiabas foram colhidas na Estação Experimental de Veludo, Itaporanga, PB. As análises físicas determinadas foram: peso do fruto, diâmetro longitudinal e transversal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial de 8 x 6 (colheita x adubação) com 4 repetições. A adubação nitrogenada proporcionou um incremento nas características de peso, diâmetro longitudinal, não ocorrendo efeito no diâmetro transversal. Sendo assim, a adubação nitrogenada mostrou-se eficiente, pois proporcionou efeito na maioria das características físicas.

The use of lyophilization has increased because of the quality attributes exhibited by dehydrated products, which can be directly consumed or added in formulations of high nutritional value. The objective of this study was to obtain mangaba powder through the lyophilization of the formulations F1 -0%, F2 -10%, F3 -20% and F4 -30%, chosen based on the percentage of the carrier agent, for the characterization of its water content, titratable acidity, pH and color, represented by the parameters luminosity (L*), intensity of red (+a*) and intensity of yellow (+b*). The results showed that the addition of maltodextrin positively altered the characteristics of the product, favoring a reduction in the parameters of acidity (5.36 to 1.5), pH (3.71 to 4.13), water activity (0.230 to 0.075) and moisture (11.44 to 1.16), as well as an increase in luminosity L*, which varied from 52.16 to 72.5, and reduction in the chromaticity a* and b*, showing results that express a lower intensity of red and yellow colors, approaching zero for a* and b*, respectively, and also that the production of mangaba powder can be a viable alternative for its industrialization and a choice for the development of the crop with generation of employment and income to farmers.

German laryngologist Gustav Killian performed the first "Direkte Bronchoskopie" using a rigid bronchoscope to extract a foreign airway body from the right main bronchus over a hundred years ago, transforming the practice of respiratory medicine. The procedure instantaneously became popular throughout the world. Chevalier Jackson Sr from the United States further advanced the instrument, technique, safety, and application. In the 1960s, Professors Harold H. Hopkins and N.S. Kapany introduced optical rods as well as fiberoptics that led Karl Storz to develop the cold light system improving endoluminal illumination, achievements that ushered in the modern era of flexible endoscopy. Several diagnostic and therapeutic procedures became possible such as transbronchial needle biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy, airway electrosurgery, or cryotherapy. Dr. Jean-François Dumon from France advanced the use of Nd-YAG laser in the endobronchial tree and created the dedicated Dumon silicone stent introducing the whole new field of interventional pulmonology (IP). This major milestone revitalized interest in rigid bronchoscopy (RB). Now, advancements are being made in stenting, instrumentation, and education. RB robotic technology advancements are currently anticipated and can potentially revolutionize the practice of pulmonary medicine.In this review, we describe some of the most substantial advances related to RB from its beginning to the modern era.