Radiologic and functional examinations of the pineal gland state and changes of bones of the vault and base of the skull are performed in 114 women (galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome is revealed in 32 women, syndrome of sclcropolycystosis of ovaries in 61 women, control group consists of 21 women). The data on melatonin excretion, calcification frequency of the pineal gland in different syndromes, signs of endocrinopathy, cndocraniosis, intracranial hypertension in the observed persons of all groups are given. It is suggested that the retardation of calcification of the pineal gland is connected with humoral and hormonal status disorder.

In recent years the country has implemented a number of social and medical measures aimed at improving medical care for the population, with priority given to maternal and child health care. However, further development of obstetric and child welfare services is possible only by combining the efforts of all branches of practical healthcare. In order to determine the causes of infant mortality in the TASSR, to develop ways to reduce it, and to identify the reserves for improving medical care for women and children, the results of the child and obstetric services for 1985-1987 were analyzed.

The improvement and normalization of the characteristics of humoral and cellular immunity and nonspecific organism protection correspond to the good and excellent results of immunotherapy, whereas in unsatisfactory and satisfactory results the pathologic ships in immune system are conserved,, ov the insignificant positive dynamics of immunologic characteristics is observed. The presence ot immune disorders after the immunotherapy course by bacterial allergens is an indication for the following extension without regard to the clinical results obtained up to, the normalisation and improvehent of immunologic characteristics.

The frequency of calcification of the pineal gland is 3% in the first 12 months of life, gradually increasing to 7.1% in children 10 years of age and reaching 33% in 18-year-olds. In adults, calcification of the pineal gland is found in 50-70% of those examined.

Numerous experimental studies have proved the suppressive effect of epiphysis on sex gland secretion, which is explained by the primary influence of the pineal gland on gonadotropin formation. Intraventricular administration of the epiphysis hormone melatonin leads to the accumulation of neurosecretin in the hypothalamic nuclei and blocks its release into the posterior pituitary lobe. The central effect of melatonin is manifested in the suppression of secretion of luteotropic hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland. Studies conducted by E.I. Chazov and V.A. Isachenkov testify to a high degree of dependence of luteotropic hormone formation on the pineal gland. Additionally, the authors demonstrated that the involvement of the epiphysis in the regulation of luteotropic hormone synthesis is not lost after puberty, but persists for a long period of the reproductive stage. The amplitude of the effect of the epiphysis on the level of luteotropic hormone formation depends on its functional state, determined by the degree of ambient light. It was found that luteotropic hormone synthesis peaks at certain times of the day, depending on the season of the year: at 15 h in spring and at 3 h in other seasons.