The article contains the results of winter wheat cultivation in the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region, as a result of the use of microelements. The object of research is winter soft wheat of the variety Saratovskaya 17. An empirical relationship was obtained between the options of using microelements (the first option is seed treatment; the second option is seed treatment in the combination with foliar top dressing at the end of the tillering phase – the beginning of shooting; the third option is only foliar top dressing) with the winter wheat yield for soil and climatic conditions of the region in question. The linear regression equations have been presented, obtained on the basis of correlation and regression analyses, which makes it possible to determine the analytical relationship between the ways of using microelements-synergists of manganese, zinc and the yield in the technology of cultivating winter wheat. At the same time, the mathematical processing of the data showed that the methods of using trace elements – manganese and zinc reliably influences the yield of winter wheat.

This paper considers the influence of manganese and zinc sulfate, as well as Megamix-Zinc on the protein quality of grain of winter and spring wheat, when cultivating it on soils with a deficiency of certain microelements. It was found that treatment of seeds and growing plants of experimental crops with the studied preparations increased the content of the essential limiting amino acids in the grain of winter wheat - lysine by 85.7%, threonine by 116.7%, isoleucine + leucine by 20.9%, phenylalanine + tyrosine by 33.3% compared to the control variant. A rise in the amount and amino acid score of such limiting amino acids as lysine and threonine is also observed, which leads to a decline in the coefficient of difference of amino-acid scores up to 75.5% and an increase in the biological value of the total protein up to 24.5%. The total amount of amino acids in the grain of spring wheat increased when Megamix-Zinc was used in the cultivation technology, both on soils with natural fertility and with application of mineral fertilizers, which is associated with a rise in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism. The increase in relation to the control group is 0.42 - 1.34 mg/g, depending on the variant. Under the influence of the factors used, amino acid score of individual amino acids of the spring wheat protein increases in relation to the control group up to 2.1%.

В работе исследована пшеничная мука, полученная из зерна озимой мягкой пшеницы сорта Саратовская 17, выращенная в условиях чернозема выщелоченного, среднемощного, малогумусного, среднесуглинистого Среднего Поволжья Российской Федерации (Ульяновская область), в 2017-2018 гг. По мнению ведущих специалистов в области питания растений, наличие в культурных растениях достаточного количества серы это основной фактор получения качественного белкового соединения. Изучалось влияние ранневесенней подкормки аммиачной селитрой с добавлением сульфата аммония в количестве 5 и 10. Содержание сырой клейковины в муке из зерна 2018 г. ниже на 4,5-7,0 по сравнению с вариантами опыта 2017 г., поэтому водопоглатительная способность (ВПС) в вариантах опыта 2018 г. ниже на две-три единицы. Использование серосодержащих удобрений при ранневесенней подкормке озимой пшеницы влияет на качество готовых изделий. При внесении серосодержащего удобрения в количестве 10 получили высокие показатели пористости, удельного объема хлеба и формоусточивости, что указывает на зависимость этих показателей от индексов глютена, вязкости и амилазы.Wheat flour obtained from winter soft wheat grain of the Saratovskaya 17 variety, grown under the conditions of leached, medium-power, low-humus, medium loamy black soil of the Middle Volga region of the Russian Federation (Ulyanovsk Region) in 2017-2018 was studied in the work. According to leading experts in the field of plant nutrition, the presence of sufficient sulphur in cultivated plants is the main factor in obtaining high-quality protein compounds. The effect of early spring fertilizing with ammonium nitrate with the addition of ammonium sulfate in the amount of 5 and 10 was studied. The crude gluten content in 2018 grain flour was lower by 4.5-7.0 compared with the 2017 test variants therefore, the water-absorbing capacity (WAC) in the 2018 test variants was two to three units lower. The use of sulfur-containing fertilizers in the early spring feeding of winter wheat affected the quality of finished products. When applying sulphur-containing fertilizers in the amount of 10 , high porosity, specific volume of bread, and form stability were obtained, which showed the dependence of these indicators on gluten, viscosity, and amylase indices.

No abstract

The article presents the results of a study of the dynamics of changes in the quality of soft wheat grain grown in the Ulyanovsk region. The authors studied the quality of commercial batches of wheat grain for 10 years on the example of the elevator of LLC "Procurement", located at the Okhotnaya station in the Ulyanovsk district of the Ulyanovsk region. In the studied samples of wheat grain, the quantity and quality of raw gluten, vitreous, and nature were determined according to generally accepted methods. The authors complain that the grain of wheat of the 3rd class for the last three years in the total volume of harvested wheat, although it is more than 80%, there are no batches of grain of the 1st and 2nd class, which causes the lack of grain of high classes for the formation of grinding mixtures at the mills.