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The inherent complexity of analysis of a multi-hop ad hoc network together with the fact that the behavior of a node is dependent not only on its neighbors' behavior, but also on the behavior of other unseen nodes makes multi-hop network analysis extremely difficult. However, our approach in this paper to analyze multi-hop networks offers an accurate approximation with moderate complexity. Our approach is based on characterizing the behavior of a node by its state and the state of the channel it sees. This approach is used to carry out an analysis of single-hop and multi-hop ad hoc networks in which different nodes may have different traffic loads. In order to validate the model, it is applied to IEEE 802.11-based networks, and it is shown through extensive simulations that the model is very accurate.

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