Fishery resources in Mandah Subdistrict, Indragiri Hilir Regency in Riau Province, has considerable potential and are important resources for the community. However, the utilization of these fishery resources is sometimes carried out in ways that violate the provisions, both positive legal provisions and provisions in customary law that live in the Mandah community. For this reason, it is necessary to examine the role of traditional leaders in conserving fishery resources in Mandah District. The research method used is sociological legal research, with the main data source being primary legal materials, namely binding legal materials, both written and unwritten. The result of the research is that traditional leaders have an important role in conserving fishery resources. They act as institutions that disseminate customary provisions, receive reports on violations of the law that occur and become mediator or judges for violations of the law, especially in the field of fishery resources. Traditional leaders in Mandah play an important role in preserving fishery resources due to the geographical location of Mandah Subdistrict which is quite far from the Regency Capital, causing the government apparatus and legal apparatus on duty in Mandah to be limited in number. In addition, through sanctions against perpetrators of violations, traditional leaders contribute to the protection of fishery resources in Mandah District.

Cases of economic exploitation of children by parents continue to increase. Various methods have been used by the government and law enforcement officials, including issuing regulations that provide legal protection for children, including criminal sanctions for perpetrators of exploitation. However, these efforts have not overcome cases of exploitation of children, for this reason a comprehensive approach is needed to solve this problem. The aim of this research is to provide solutions to overcome cases of economic exploitation of children through a humane approach, sanctions not only in the form of imprisonment but adjusted with the cause of the exploitation. So that efforts to resolve cases of exploitation of children do not only focus on giving punishment to the perpetrators but also provide solutions to the economic problems of the parties. This research can be grouped into observational research by way of a survey using interview data. While the nature of this research is descriptive research that aims to provide a detailed and clear description of the problem to be studied. The results of this study can be used as a basis for legal construction in resolving cases of economic exploitation of children that occur in Indonesia.