Both cis-9-and cis-11-tetradecenyl acetate were isolated from 2500 virgin females of the summer fruit tortrix moth Adoxophyes orana (F.v.R.) by gel permeation, column chromatography on silica gel, and gas chromatography. Their chemical, physical, and biological properties were identical to those of the synthetic compounds. In contrast to the single compounds, mixtures of these pheromones were highly active in laboratory and field tests. Catches, in traps, with the pheromone mixture were comparable to those obtained when live females were used as bait. This is the first example of a member of the lepidoptera in which the presence of two isomers is an absolute requirement for activity in laboratory and in field experiments.
The sex pheromone of the potato tuberworm moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.) has been identified as a mixture of trans‐4, cis‐7‐tridecadienyl acetate and trans‐4, cis‐1, cis‐10 tridecatrienyl acetate. The identifications have been carried out by means of electroantennography, mass, infrared and n.m.r. spectroscopy. The identifications have been confirmed by synthesis. Both compounds occur in the insects in about equal amounts.
The individual compounds are attractive to male moths in pheromone traps. The triolefinic ester was found to be much more attractive than the diolefinic ester.
However, mixtures of both compounds in the ranges of 4:1 tot 1:4 are much more attractive than the individual compounds or traps baited with two virgin female moths.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
SEXUALPHEROMONE DER KARTOFFELMOTTE, PHTHORIMAEA OPERCULELLA. ISOLIE‐RUNG, IDENTIFIKATION UND FREILANDBEWERTUNG
Das Sexualpheromon von Phthorimaea operculella (Gelechiidae) wurde identifiziert als ein Gemisch von trans‐4, cis‐7‐Tridecadienylacetat und trans‐4, cis‐1, cis‐10‐Tridecatrienylacetat. Die beiden Identifizierungen wurden durchgeführt mit Hilfe von Elektroantennografie, Massenspektroskopie, Ultrarotspektroskopie und Kernspinnresonanzspektroskopie.
Die beiden Identifizierungen wurden durch Synthese bestätigt. Die Pheromonkomponenten wurden in etwa gleiche Mengen von den Faltern isoliert. Beide Substanzen erwiesen sich sowohl in natürlicher wie in synthetischer Form als aktiv in der Elektroantennografie sowie im biologischen Test und in Sexfallen.
Ein Mischungsverhältnis der beiden Komponenten von 4: 1 bis 1: 4 weist eine viel höhere Lockstoffwirkung auf als die beiden Einzelkomponenten oder als zwei lebende Weibchen.
Ein Isomer des natürlichen Tridecatrienylacetat, nämlich cis‐4, trans‐7, cis‐10‐Tridecatrienyl‐acetate, war nur schwach aktiv in den verschiedenen Testen. In Sexfallen wurde die Aktivität dieses Isomers durch Zusatz von trans‐4, cis‐7‐Tridecadienylacetat nicht erhöht.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.