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Objectives: Pre-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) evaluation is an essential part of ECT preparation, a standard treatment in the psychiatric field. However, no routine pre-ECT evaluation has been published so far. This preliminary study aimed to explore different practices in pre-ECT evaluation across European countries. Methods:The data were collected as a snowball sample approach using an online survey from September 2019 to April 2020. The final analysis included data from 18 clinics placed in 16 European countries.Results: Regulations on the pre-ECT evaluation were found in 9 countries. All clinics reported doing complete blood count, serum electrolytes, and renal function analysis as a part of regular laboratory testing, alongside with a cardiovascular assessment. Ten clinics reported using psychiatric scales. Six clinics reported doing a cognitive assessment, of which all had regulations on the pre-ECT evaluation. Not one evaluation had the same sets of procedures and diagnostics. Conclusions:The differences in assessment approaches mirror high variability of the pre-ECT evaluation practice across Europe. Cognitive assessment and objectification of psychiatric symptoms should be a regular part of the pre-ECT evaluation because of the monitoring of the most common adverse effect and observing the clinical response to ECT. Standardization of the pre-ECT evaluation and ECT in general would remove criticisms and opposition to the treatment, make it based on the best of our knowledge, and provide a method respectful of patients' best interests and rights.

Abstract:Background: Pesticides are a group of chemicals used in agriculture in order to achieve higher and better-quality crops. The vast majority of these are synthetic substances whose effect on the human organism is unfavorable, even toxic. Methods: We provide a brief overview of available Slovak and world literature on these issues. In the next section, we deal with the case of a patient, whose leading symptoms were headache and behavioral changes. After excluding organic lesions, we made a diagnosis "per exclusionem" and diagnosed cymoxanil poisoning. Conclusions: We consider the relatively low number of recorded poisonings to be a result of strict regulation of pesticide use.

Introduction: The aim of this paper was to review the preventive strategies for screening of commonest infections in migrants. Germany, UK, France, Spain and Italy have highest numbers 25 mil migrants (31% of global migrant population) 70% from EE and North Africa 1.9 million per year illegally,