The Brazilian Government has been promoting studies on the zoning and demarcation of aquaculture parks dedicated to the production of fish in net-cages in the large public reservoirs of the country. The methodology employed for the zoning of these aquaculture parks consists of the execution in three consecutive stages of multidisciplinary evaluations for their social, environmental and economical characterization (global, regional and local). The purpose of the studies involves the generation of thematic maps and scenarios of environmental models that facilitate the process of understanding the regional peculiarities and taking the decisions to identify the most appropriate areas for the installation of the aquaculture parks. The application of this instrument for zoning the reservoirs will assist a more effective planning of investments and efforts, both by the government and by private initiative, in the aquaculture activity. With the implantation of aquaculture parks along the lines of an ecosystemic aquaculture, Brazil has the potential to become one of the largest producers of fish in net-cages in the world.

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Actions facilitating the reconciliation of multiple uses of a reservoir with electric power generation should be implemented so as to avoid conflicts and support the best development of the water resource. In view of the fish production potential existing in Itaipu Reservoir, the objective of this study was to select areas considered adequate for establishing aquaculture parks by means of integrated and ordered planning that respect the carrying capacity of the environment. This study was carried out in the branches of the São Francisco Falso, São Francisco Verdadeiro and Ocoí rivers in the Paraná Basin draining to Itaipu Reservoir. Using the Dillon and Rigler eutrophication model, the carrying capacity and estimated production were 2537, 2554 and 1569 t yr−1 in the respective branches. The percentages of occupation of each aquaculture park, taking into consideration the maximum area of dilution and safety level for the reservoir operation, were 0.46%, 0.48% and 0.09% for the three branches, respectively. It was concluded that the aquaculture activity could be promoted in a sustainable manner under constant monitoring of water quality and production parameters in accordance with a management programme, combined with planning of these aquaculture areas in a manner that ensured the application of physical limits for the carrying capacity established in this study.

A aquicultura é a atividade que mais cresce dentre os setores de produção de alimentos, porém, sua prática pode causar impactos ambientais no ambiente aquático, caso não haja um plano de monitoramento eficiente. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o grau de trofia do ambiente utilizando o Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) em uma atividade aquícola de sistema de produção em tanques-rede no reservatório do Lajeado, Palmas, Tocantins na estação seca do ano. O monitoramento foi realizado no período de maio/2017 a agosto/2017 e envolveu a coleta de amostras para análises dos seguintes parâmetros de qualidade de água: fósforo total e clorofila-a. Paralelamente, houve a realização de coleta de dados de temperatura, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, pH e sólidos totais dissolvidos. Os resultados do cálculo do Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) mostraram que a área em estudo durante os meses de maio e agosto apresentou-se predominantemente em graus eutrófico e hipereutrófico. O ponto controle também apresentou alto grau de trofia, indicando que o estado trófico do lago nas proximidades da área aquícola sofre forte influência de atividades antrópicas externas. Assim, os efeitos desta atividade a médio e longo prazo são difíceis de serem previstos, havendo a necessidade constante do monitoramento e controle da qualidade da água.Palavras-chave: aquicultura, eutrofização, impacto ambiental, poluição, tanque rede. MONITORING OF AQUACULTURE IN CONTINENTAL RESERVOIRS USING THE TROPHIC STATUS INDEX ABSTRACT:Aquaculture is the fastest growing activity among food production sectors, however, its practice can cause environmental impacts, in case if a monitoring plan is not applied. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the trophic environment status using the Trophic State Index (TSI) in an aquaculture activity in a netcage system in the Lajeado reservoir, Palmas, Tocantins during the dry season. The monitoring was carried out from May / 2017 to August / 2017 and involved the water sampling for analysis of the following water quality parameters: total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. At the same time, data were collected on temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH and total dissolved solids. The Trophic State Index (TSI) results showed that the area under study during the months of May and August was predominantly under a supereutrophic condition. It indicates that the lake trophic state in the aquaculture surrounding area is strongly influenced by external anthropogenic activities. Thus, the effects of this activity in the medium and long term are difficult to predict, so it´s necessary to monitor and control the water quality.Keywords: aquaculture, eutrophication, environmental impact, pollution, net cage.