Usage of high-throughput sequencing approaches allow for the generation and characterization of reference transcriptome datasets that support gene-based marker discovery, which in turn can be used to build genetic maps among other purposes. We have obtained a transcriptome assembly including 49,453 genes for the lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivar Alpo using RNAseq methodology. This transcriptome was used as reference to obtain 6,306 quality polymorphic markers (SNPs and short indels) analyzing genotype data from a RIL population at F 7 generation derived from the interspecific cross between L . culinaris cv. Alpo and L . odemensis accession ILWL235. L . odemensis is a wild species included in the secondary gene pool and can be used as a source for gene introgression in lentil breeding programs. Marker data were used to construct the first genetic interspecific map between these two species. This linkage map has been used to precisely identify regions of the CDC-Redberry lentil draft genome in which the candidate genes for some qualitative traits (seed coat spotting pattern, flower color, and stem pigmentation) could be located. The genome regions corresponding to a significant single quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling “time to flowering” located in chromosome 6 and three QTLs regulating seed size and positioned in chromosomes 1 and 5 (two QTLs) were also identified. Significant QTLs for Ascochyta blight resistance in lentil were mapped to chromosome 6 in the genome region or close to it where QTLs for Ascochyta blight resistance have previously been reported.

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The amount of outcrossing was estimated using seven enzyme loci assayed in seven populations of rye (Secale cereale L.). Single-locus outcrossing values fluctuated widely from locus to locus in each population. The weighted mean single-locus estimates ranged from O•716 to 0946, and multilocus estimates ranged from O7O1 to 0910. The analysis showed that self-pollination occurred in the rye populations, and, as a result of selfing, populations contained homozygotes in excess of random mating expectations at the seedling stage of development. Low plant density, which causes low pollen density during fertilization, seems to weaken the self-incompatibility system; at low plant density, the outcrossing estimate was significantly lower than was obtained at high plant density.

Allopolyploid vs. autopolyploid origins of polyploid species of the genus Lathyrus have been tested by the C-banding technique and electrophoretical procedures for 11 genetic loci belonging to six isozyme systems. Results of both experiments suggest for the polyploid populations of L. palustris and L. pratensis an autopolyploid origin from their respective diploid counterparts. Nevertheless, L. venosus seems to have originated through allopolyploidy involving two sympatric diploid species, L. ochroleucus and L. palustris.

The genetics and linkage relationships of several isozymatic and morphological markers have been investigated in different cultivars of rye (Secale cereale L.). The inheritance and the variability among cultivars of three new isozymatic zones are described: GOT2 and LAP, each of them under the control of a two-allele single locus, namely Got2 and Lap, respectively; and 6PGD1 controlled by two loci, 6Pgd1a and 6Pgd1b, which have alleles in common. Four linkage groups have been found: Acp2-Acp3, Got3-Mdh2-Lper4, Mdh1-6Pgd2-Pgi2, and Pgm-Eper2-[Eper1-Eper3]. The assignment of these four groups to the chromosomes 7R, 3R, 1R, and 4R is discussed.