The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a rapid and simple technique with high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing TB and detecting drug resistance in extrapulmonary and smear-negative TB cases.

Background: The cooperation of patients and their acceptance to involve medical students in their care is vital to clinical education. Objective: To explore the attitudes of patients towards medical students at University charity teaching hospital, and to explore the determinants of those attitudes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at University charity teaching hospital affiliated to University of Medical Sciences and Technology (UMST). Four hundred and thirty-two patients were interviewed between January and December 2013 using a structured questionnaire. Results: Four hundred and thirty-two patients had responded to all questions they were asked. Of the patients interviewed, 95.2% approved the presence of medical students during the medical consultation. 79.8% of the patients agreed to be examined by students in the presence of a doctor, while 33.5% gave agreement even in the absence of a doctor. More than half of the patients think that it is important that students examine patients as part of their training and 18 % of them were not sure about the importance of clinical examination. Conclusion: The study concluded overall positive attitudes to the medical students involvement by patients. Patients preferred lower number of students to be involved; however, few were aware of their rights. Keywords: Bedside Teaching, Clinical Education, Patients Acceptability.

Techniques for operative management continue to evolve. The current trend is towards a local surgical approach with prolonged and intensive postoperative antimicrobial therapy. In our experience this approach has yielded acceptable outcomes.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is now recognized as one of the principal medical problems facing the male population in Sudan. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the ability of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to predict prostate volume (PV) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: This is retrospective observational case-detection hospital based study. Eighty medical records of patients with an enlarged prostate attending the urology clinic at University Teaching Hospital were enrolled. This research was conducted in University Charity Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Results: Enrolled patients had a median age of 63.5 years (51 to 94), a mean PSA of 2.94 ng/ mL and a mean PV of 46.96 mL, respectively. There is linear relationship between PSA levels and prostate size. Those with a prostate size of > 40 ml were found to be more likely to have high PSA mean level. PSA mean values were found to be associated with age (P <0.006). Conclusion: Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) is significantly correlated with prostate volume in Sudanese men. PSA may be a useful tool in making therapeutic decisions and follow-up management in BPH patients. Keywords: Serum Prostate Specific Antigen; Prostate Volume; Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Cryptorchidism is one of the most common urogenital abnormalities in male children. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of cryptorchidism lead to complications such as infertility, malignancy and testis torsion.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the cause of delayed presentation, complications recorded, the surgical treatment offered in a developing country.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong>A retrospective review of patients’ records from December 2012 to December 2014 was carried out. Sixty one patients presented to the University Charity Teaching Hospital during this period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty one patients were included in the study. Age ranged from 1-75 years with mean at surgery is 11 years. Twenty seven patients (44%) presented after 24 months, 3 (4.9%) less than 12 months, and 23 (37.3%) less than 1 month. Age at operation, 7 (13%) were £ 2years, 15 (28%) were 2-5years, 39 (59%) were &gt; 5 years.Fifty four (88.5%) patients have undergone orchidopexy, 3(4.9%) orchidectomies, 1 (1.6%) biopsy, 1 (1.6%) exploratory laparotomy, and in 2 (3.3%) cases operation wasn’t done.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>Late presentation observed in this study is alarming and action should be taken by spreading awareness in the community and ensuring adequate neonatal and children examination in order to avoid the complications.</p>