On-board photovoltaic (PV) energy generation is starting to be deployed in a variety of vehicles while still discussing its benefits. Integration requirements vary greatly for the different vehicles. Numerous types of PV cells and modules technologies are ready or under development to meet the challenges of this demanding sector. A comprehensive review of fast-changing vehicle-integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) products and lightweight PV cell and module technologies adapted for integration into electric vehicles (EVs) is presented in this paper. The number of VIPV projects and/or products is on a steady rise, especially car-based PV integration. Our analysis differentiates projects according to their development stage and technical solutions. The advantages and drawbacks of various PV cell and module technologies are discussed, in addition to recommendations for wide-scale deployment of the technologies.

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Space applications are challenging infrared (IR) technologies, demanding the best system performance achievable. This requires covering the entire IR spectrum from short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) to very long-wavelength infrared (VLWIR) for various pixel sizes, which is possible thanks to a wellmastered mercury cadmium telluride technology. Because of its adjustable gap, it can be operated in all the IR bands. Nevertheless, technology optimization requires deep understanding of physical mechanisms. This paper presents computations by finite-element modeling of two aspects of electrooptical performance: spectral response and modulation transfer function (MTF). Computations and characterizations for all IR bands demonstrate the accuracy of our simulations and the state-of-the-art nature of our technology, which performs according to theory. This paper also highlights the capability to measure MTF at very small pitch (10 lm) by a nondestructive method.