C h o i c e E d i t o r ' s OIKOS Correlations between genetic and species diversity (SGDCs) are increasingly considered in studies of biological communities, because they allow insights on underlying ecological processes. We first show that the classic expectation of positive SGDCs, due to parallel processes acting on both diversities, does not hold when considering the available empirical evidence. More importantly, we propose a unified conceptual and methodological framework to analyze SGDCs, emphasizing that multiple ecological factors occurring at various scales that can affect them in opposite ways, and to quantify the contribution of these factors to SGDCs. This framework has improved performance when quantifying SGDCs in several species, and certainly provides an entry to community processes that is complementary to other approaches. Synthesis

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