The current study provides useful clinical information that will help surgeons working with an ovine model for research on IVDD. This model could also be useful to train less experienced surgeons or radiologists to disc injection. This CT-guided injection seems to offer several advantages such as ease of use, good success rate and safety to important nervous and vascular structures.

The current study described a consistently safe and accurate CT guided injection technique to the lumbo-sacral disc for future in vivo experimental studies that will use sheep as animal model for human intervertebral disc disease disease.