No abstract

SummaryThe variability of the physicochemical composition, carotenoid and polyphenol contents and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity of fresh peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) fruit was studied with a view to its exploitation as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The variability present in five batches of peach palm fruit obtained from two regions in Costa Rica: Tucurrique (T) and Pérez Zeledón (PZ), was studied. Significant differences were found for fruit weight, length and width amongst the batches studied. The moisture, fat and protein contents of the Tucurrique fruit were significantly lower than those from Pérez Zeledón. No significant difference in starch content was found between any of the batches of peach palm fruit studied. In terms of antioxidant compounds, the total carotenoid content ranged between 109 and 202 µg β-carotene equivalents/g dry weight (dw), while the total polyphenol content varied from 54 to 106 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) /100 g (dw). Both these components presented variability amongst the five batches. The antioxidant capacity was determined by the ORAC method and only the PZ 3 sample presented significant differences from the other four batches. The average hydrophilic antioxidant capacity was 37 ± 7 µmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g (dw). Overall, the peach palm fruit showed potential to be used in the development of functional foods since the variability of the raw peach-palm fruit, determined by applying a principal component analysis, showed that some characteristics of this fruit were not affected by harvest time and showed no differences between the batches from the two areas. Keywords: Carotenoids; Polyphenols; Antioxidant capacity; Principal component analysis; Functional foods; ORAC. ResumoA variabilidade da composição físico-química e do teor de carotenoides e polifenóis, e a capacidade antioxidante hidrofílica da fruta fresca da pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) foram pesquisadas, a fim de avaliar o seu aproveitamento como uma fonte potencial de compostos bioativos. Estudou-se a variabilidade de cinco lotes de frutos da Costa Rica das regiões Tucurrique (T) e Pérez Zeledón (PZ). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas para a massa, o comprimento e a largura entre os lotes. Os teores de umidade, gordura e proteína dos frutos de Tucurrique foram significativamente menores do que os teores dos frutos de Pérez Zeledón. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa para o teor de amido entre todos os lotes de pupunheira estudados. Para os compostos antioxidantes, o teor de carotenoides totais variou entre 109 e 202 mg equivalentes β-caroteno / g de matéria seca (ms), enquanto o teor de polifenóis totais variou no intervalo de 54 a 106 mg de equivalentes de ácido gálico (GAE) / 100 g (ms). Ambos os compostos antioxidantes apresentaram variabilidade entre os cinco lotes. A capacidade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método ORAC e só a amostra PZ-3 foi significativamente diferente dos outros

Food sources of ellagitannins (ETs) are numerous, and dietary intake of these compounds is estimated up to 12 mg/day in some countries, even though ETs have been considered in the past as not bioavailable like other tannins and were mostly neglected by nutritionists. Nonetheless, new insights show that ETs are bioconverted by microbiota in the gut into metabolites called urolithins, which are bioavailable and can reach relatively high physiological concentration in the body up to 7 days after ingestion. According to the initial structure of ETs in the food source, the extent of bioconversion into urolithins may differ but all urolithins are susceptible to exert potential health benefits. Nonetheless, due to the intervention of microbiota, the production and excretion of urolithins are highly variable according to individuals, which have led to the classification of consumers into metabotype. According to metabotype, the potential health benefits of ellagitannins may differ among consumers. In in vitro, cellular and animal studies, numerous health benefits of ellagitannins and urolithins are reported mainly for the chemoprevention of hormone-dependent cancer and cardiovascular disease. Nonetheless, ellagitannins deserve closer attention from the scientific community to unravel more biological properties of this particular compound.