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SYNOPSISA study has been made for the preparation of membranes by the direct radiation grafting of acrylic and methacrylic acids onto poly ( tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride) TFB films. The appropriate reaction conditions were selected under which the graft polymerization was carried out successfully. In this grafting system, ammonium ferrous sulfate ( Mohr's salt), ferric chloride, and cuppric chloride were used as inhibitors to minimize the homopolymerization of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Also, the effect of monomer concentration on the rate of grafting was investigated. The dependence of the grafting rate on monomer concentration was found to be of the order of 1.1 and 1.0 for acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, respectively. This grafting system was proceeded by a front mechanism. Some selected properties of the grafted films such as swelling behavior, dimensional change, and mechanical and electrical properties were investigated. It was found that the grafted membranes possess good hydrophilic properties that may make them promising in some practical applications. 0 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.I NTRO DUCT10 N Fluorine-containing polymers are appropriate in preparing membranes for separation processes because of their good thermal, mechanical, and chemical resistance. The hydrophobic character of the fluoropolymers can be overcome by radiation-initiated grafting of hydrophilic monomers onto these polymers.'-" The nature and morphological peculiarities of the trunk polymers as well as the grafting reaction parameters affect the membrane properties of the grafted films. The most important applications of these synthetic membranes are in industrial mass separation processes such as micro-, ultra-, and hyperfiltration, electrodialysis, and gas separation. However, a considerable amount of research is being conducted to develop membranes for many other uses such as enzyme reactors, electrochemical power sources, and ion-selective electrodes and for the controlled release of active agents in the medical * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Many studies were carried out in our laboratories devoted to the search for new and improved membrane compositions using almost every available polymeric materia1.'2-23 The preparation and selected properties of neutral, cationic, and anionic membranes obtained by radiation-initiated grafting of hydrophilic monomers onto different trunk polymers using the direct and postradiation techniques were investigated. These grafted membranes showed great promise for practical applications.In the present study, the preparation and properties of membranes obtained by direct radiationinduced graft polymerization of acrylic and methacrylic acid solutions onto TFB films were investigated. The effect of grafting conditions on the grafting process and inhibition of homopolymerization was investigated. Some selected properties of the graft films such as water uptake, dimensional changes, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties were investigate...

Résumé -Rémédiation de pollution par l'huile par des déchets plastiques -Deux problèmes écologiques sont considérés dans ce travail. Un des problèmes est de trouver une application utile des déchets de plastiques, polyéthylène (PE) et polypropylène (PP), qui augmentent jour après jour partout dans le monde. Le deuxième problème est la rémédiation de pollution par l'huile dans des environnements aquatiques. Nous avons utilisé le PE et les poudres feuilles de PP pour absorber l'huile dans de l'eau, par simple contact pendant quelques minutes. L'effet sur l'activité des polymères de soumettre les poudres et les feuilles à une faible dose de radiation γ (3 Mrad) a été étudiée. L'examen des polymères avant et après absorption d'huile par calorimétrie différentielle (DSC) et par microscope électronique de balayage (MEB) a permis d'éclaircir les comportements de ces polymères. Abstract -Adsorption of Spilled Oil from Seawater by Waste Plastic -Two environmental problems are encountered in this work. A solution of one problem is to find a useful application of the waste plastics; polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), which increases day after day all over the world.The second problem is the oil spill in aquatic locations. We used PE and PP waste powders and sheets to sorb the oil from water, via simple contacting for few minutes. The effect of subjecting the powders and sheets to a low dose of γ-irradiation (3 Mrad) on the activation of the current polymers was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examinations of the neat and oil sorbing polymers were performed to throw light on the behaviours of these polymers.

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